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Left hip BMD increased with training (mean \u00b1 SD: 0.85 \u00b1 3.24, 2.93 \u00b1 4.85, and 1.89 \u00b1 2.85% for femoral neck, Ward's area, and total hip, respectively; all P &lt; 0.001). Left calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation rose 3.57 \u00b1 0.5% ( P &lt; 0.001), and left and right femoral cortical volume by 1.09 \u00b1 4.05 and 0.71 \u00b1 4.05%, respectively ( P = 0.0001 and 0.003), largely through the rise in periosteal volume (0.78 \u00b1 3.14 and 0.59 \u00b1 2.58% for right and left, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) with endosteal volumes unchanged. Before training, DXA and QUS measures were independent of limb dominance. However, the dominant femur had higher periosteal (25,991.49 vs. 2,5572 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, P &lt; 0.001), endosteal (6,063.33 vs. 5,983.12 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, P = 0.001), and cortical volumes (19,928 vs. 19,589.56 mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, P = 0.001). Changes in DXA, QUS, and magnetic resonance imaging measures were independent of limb dominance. We show, for the first time, that short-term exercise training in young men is associated not only with a rise in human femoral BMD, but also in femoral bone volume, the latter largely through a periosteal response. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00788.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,24]],"date-time":"2011-11-24T05:51:59Z","timestamp":1322113919000},"page":"615-626","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Lichfield bone study: the skeletal response to exercise in healthy young men"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Kyriacos I.","family":"Eleftheriou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Centre for Health and Human Performance, and"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University College London Hospitals, London;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaikirty S.","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Centre for Health and Human 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