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In the absence of carotid bodies, compensatory upregulation of aortic bodies as well as other chemoreceptors contributes to the hypoxic ventilatory response. Peripheral chemoreceptors are critical for ventilatory acclimatization at high altitude. They also contribute in part to the exercise-induced hyperventilation, especially with submaximal and heavy exercise. During pregnancy, hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity increases, perhaps due to the actions of estrogen and progesterone on chemoreceptors. Augmented peripheral chemoreceptors have been implicated in early stages of recurrent apneas, congestive heart failure, and certain forms of hypertension. It is likely that chemoreceptors tend to maintain oxygen homeostasis and act as a defense mechanism to prevent the progression of the morbidity associated with these diseases. Experimental models of recurrent apneas, congestive heart failure, and hypertension offer excellent opportunities to unravel the cellular mechanisms associated with altered chemoreceptor function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00809.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,31]],"date-time":"2004-01-31T00:57:54Z","timestamp":1075510674000},"page":"359-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Peripheral chemoreceptors in health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Nanduri R.","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Jie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198506000-00004"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90088-6"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(85)90105-7"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.63.2.685"},{"key":"REF5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00131-6"},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.6.964"},{"key":"REF7","unstructured":"Breslav ISand Konza EA.Recovery of chemoreceptor functions following deafferentation of the sino-carotid zones in rats.Fiziol Zh61: 84-89, 1975."},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017176"},{"key":"REF9","unstructured":"Cistulli PAand Sullivan CE.Pathophysiology of sleep apnea. 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