{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:31:57Z","timestamp":1791178317331,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The mRNA of the nuclear coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) increases during prolonged exercise and is influenced by carbohydrate availability. It is unknown if the increases in mRNA reflect the PGC-1\u03b1 protein or if glycogen stores are an important regulator. Seven male subjects [23 \u00b1 1.3 yr old, maximum oxygen uptake (V\u0307o<jats:sub>2 max<\/jats:sub>) 48.4 \u00b1 0.8 ml\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>] exercised to exhaustion (\u223c2 h) at 65% V\u0307o<jats:sub>2 max<\/jats:sub> followed by ingestion of either a high-carbohydrate (HC) or low-carbohydrate (LC) diet (7 or 2.9 g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively) for 52 h of recovery. Glycogen remained depressed in LC ( P &lt; 0.05) while returning to resting levels by 24 h in HC. PGC-1\u03b1 mRNA increased both at exhaustion (3-fold) and 2 h later (6.2-fold) ( P &lt; 0.05) but returned to rest levels by 24 h. PGC-1\u03b1 protein increased ( P &lt; 0.05) 23% at exhaustion and remained elevated for at least 24 h ( P &lt; 0.05). While there was no direct treatment effect (HC vs. LC) for PGC-1\u03b1 mRNA or protein, there was a linear relationship between the changes in glycogen and those in PGC-1\u03b1 protein during exercise and recovery ( r = \u22120.68, P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, PGC-1\u03b2 did not increase with exercise but rather decreased ( P &lt; 0.05) below rest level at 24 and 52 h, and the decrease was greater ( P &lt; 0.05) in LC. PGC-1\u03b1 protein content increased in prolonged exercise and remained upregulated for 24 h, but this could not have been predicted by the changes in mRNA. The \u03b2-isoform declined rather than increasing, and this was greater when glycogen was not resynthesized to rest levels. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00847.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]],"date-time":"2008-07-24T21:42:40Z","timestamp":1216935760000},"page":"1098-1105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Rapid exercise-induced changes in PGC-1\u03b1 mRNA and protein in human skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Anila S.","family":"Mathai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arend","family":"Bonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carley R.","family":"Benton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. L.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry E.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.3.908"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00557.2003"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0367com"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"Benton CR, Bonen A. PGC-1a expression correlates with skeletal muscle fibre type and fuel handling proteins (Abstract 665.17). In: Proceedings of Experimental Biology, San Diego, CA, 2005, p. A1121."},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00781.2005"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Bergmeyer HU, Bernt E, Schmidt F, Stork H. d-Glucose determination with hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, edited by Bergmeyer HU. New York: Academic, 1974, p. 1196\u20131201."},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Bergstrom J. Muscle electrolytes in man. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 22: 1\u2013110, 1962."},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.19.14501"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.37.23786"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400566200"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00030.2004"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00197.2005"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0151"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1232352100"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093131"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holloway GP, Perry CGR, Thrush AB, Heigenhauser GJF, Dyck DJ, Bonen A, Spriet LL. PGC-1\u03b1 relationship with skeletal muscle palmitate oxidation is not present with obesity, despite maintained PGC-1\u03b1 and PGC-1\u03b2 protein. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294: E1069\u2013E1069, 2008.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00726.2007"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00409.2002"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3144fje"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0507fje"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M507621200"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2004.027409"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1999.00489.x"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10268"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1065"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05861"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00904"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100052200"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502236200"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3149fje"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.5.1208"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030200"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061035098"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.2.E270"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00575.2007"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.265.6.C1597"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00765.2003"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2004339"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00257.2006"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.016832"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.4.E806"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.03.008"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.034850"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81410-5"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0730870100"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03354"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.12.2874"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3168fje"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1119"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00429.2005"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00349.2003"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00881-1"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00051.2003"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1295005"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01499"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M606116200"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071163"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80611-X"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01185.2004"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093050"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252625599"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00847.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T18:20:26Z","timestamp":1567966826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00847.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00847.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00847.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}