{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:12:06Z","timestamp":1791400326239,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A central neuronal network that regulates respiration may include hypothalamic neurons that produce orexin, a peptide that influences sleep and arousal. In these experiments, we investigated 1) projections of orexin-containing neurons to the pre-B\u00f6tzinger region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla that regulates rhythmic breathing and to phrenic motoneurons that innervate the diaphragm; 2) the presence of orexin A receptors in the pre-B\u00f6tzinger region and in phrenic motoneurons; and 3) physiological effects of orexin administered into the pre-B\u00f6tzinger region and phrenic nuclei at the C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels. We found orexin-containing fibers within the pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex. However, only 0.5% of orexin-containing neurons projected to the pre-B\u00f6tzinger region, whereas 2.9% of orexin-containing neurons innervated the phrenic nucleus. Neurons of the pre-B\u00f6tzinger region and phrenic nucleus stained for orexin receptors, and activation of orexin receptors by microperfusion of orexin in either site produced a dose-dependent, significant ( P &lt; 0.05) increase in diaphragm electromyographic activity. These data indicate that orexin regulates respiratory activity and may have a role in the pathophysiology of sleep-related respiratory disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00914.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,19]],"date-time":"2004-11-19T20:14:23Z","timestamp":1100895263000},"page":"1387-1395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Orexin stimulates breathing via medullary and spinal pathways"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"John K.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingfei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebreten F.","family":"Manaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabha","family":"Kc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne S.","family":"Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdia O.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa A.","family":"Haxhiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801868"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00308-6"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R1801"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0605"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02905.x"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-20-07760.2000"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-08850.2002"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.1.105"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81973-X"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.3.R692"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Chen S\n                      and Aston-Jones G.\n                      Axonal collateral-collateral transport of tract tracers in brain neurons: false anterograde labeling and useful tool.\n                      Neuroscience\n                      82\n                      : 1151\u20131163, 1998."},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00719.2002"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01195-2"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000064584.67771.82"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-23-09273.2001"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00319-0"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131103"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00674-8"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10911"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1999.00378.x"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90435-P"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1099"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01066.2002"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00033-1"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00671.2002"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00131-3"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00997-1"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00055.2002"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00839.2001"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801939"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.6.1382"},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"Molander C\n                      and Grant G.\n                      Spinal cord architecture. 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