{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:32:12Z","timestamp":1791189132018,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) applied at end-expiration allows the investigation of passive upper airway (UA) dynamic during wakefulness. Assuming that phasic UA dilating\/stabilizing forces should modify the UA properties when twitches are applied during inspiration, we compared the UA dynamic responses to expiratory and inspiratory twitches (2 s and 200 ms after expiratory and inspiratory onset, respectively) in nine men (mean age 28 yr). This procedure was repeated with a 2-cm mouth opening provided with a closed mouthpiece. The percentage of flow-limited (FL) twitches was significantly higher when PNS was realized during expiration than during inspiration. Maximal inspiratory flow (V\u02d9i <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) of FL twitches was significantly higher for inspiratory twitches (1,383 \u00b1 42 and 1,185 \u00b1 40 ml\/s). With mouth aperture,V\u02d9i <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> decreased with an increase in the corresponding pharyngeal resistance values, and the percentage of twitch with a FL regimen increased but only for inspiratory twitches. We conclude that 1) UA dynamics are significantly influenced by the inspiratory\/expiratory timing at which PNS is applied, 2) the improvement in UA dynamic properties observed from expiratory to inspiratory PNS characterizes the overall inspiratory stabilizing effects, and 3) mouth aperture alters the stability of UA structures during inspiration. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00924.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T15:45:23Z","timestamp":1425397523000},"page":"2289-2295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessment of upper airway stabilizing forces with the use  of phrenic nerve stimulation in conscious humans"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"S\u00e9ri\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, 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