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Free-roaming (controls), animals with only the tail harnessed but hindlimbs in contact with the cage floor (TO), and HLS animals were tested for 6 wk. Cryptorchidism was prevented in TO and HLS animals by partial constriction of the inguinal canal with sutures. All parameters were compared at the end of the 6-wk experiment. Testicular weights and spermatogenesis were significantly reduced by HLS, such that no spermatogenic cells beyond round spermatids were present and epididymides were devoid of mature sperm. In many tubules, loss of all germ cells, except a few spermatogonia, resulting in histopathology similar to the Sertoli cell, was observed. Spermatogenesis appeared unaffected in control and TO animals. Sertoli and Leydig cell appearance, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and epididymal and seminal vesicle weight were unchanged by HLS. Cortisone was not elevated by HLS; thus stress may not be a factor. These results demonstrate that spermatogenesis is severely inhibited by long-term HLS, whereas testicular androgen production is not. These results have significant implications regarding serious effects of long-term exposure to \u03bcG on the reproductive capability of scrotal mammals, including humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00931.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T20:40:04Z","timestamp":1425415204000},"page":"1191-1198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Long-term (6-wk) hindlimb suspension inhibits spermatogenesis in adult male rats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Tash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George 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