{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:48:02Z","timestamp":1790923682302,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to visualize molecular processes and cellular regulators of complex pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), would aid in the diagnosis, differentiation, therapy assessment and in small animal-based drug-discovery processes. Herein we report the application of normalized transillumination and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) for the noninvasive quantitative imaging of the mouse lung in vivo. We demonstrate the ability to visualize and quantitate pulmonary response in a murine model of LPS-induced airway inflammation. Twenty-four hours prior to imaging, BALB\/c female mice were injected via tail vein with 2 nmol of a cathepsin-sensitive activatable fluorescent probe (excitation: 750 nm; emission: 780 nm) and 2 nmol of accompanying intravascular agent (excitation: 674 nm; emission: 694 nm). Six hours later, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and administered intranasal LPS in sterile 0.9% saline in 25 \u03bcl aliquots (one per nostril). Fluorescence molecular imaging revealed the in vivo profile of cysteine protease activation and vascular distribution within the lung typifying the inflammatory response to LPS insult. Results were correlated with standard in vitro laboratory tests (Western blot, bronchoalveolar lavage or BAL analysis, immunohistochemistry) and revealed good correlation with the underlying activity. We demonstrated the capacity of fluorescence tomography to noninvasively and longitudinally characterize physiological, cellular, and subcellular processes associated with inflammatory disease burden in the lung. The data presented herein serve to further evince fluorescence molecular imaging as a technology highly appropriate for the biomedical laboratory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00959.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]],"date-time":"2008-01-18T01:46:11Z","timestamp":1200620771000},"page":"795-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Visualization of pulmonary inflammation using noninvasive fluorescence molecular imaging"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Jodi","family":"Haller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damon","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Deliolanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"de Kleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Niedre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilis","family":"Ntziachristos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.8.8.8181668"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Anglade P, Vyas S, Javoy-Agid F, Herrero MT, Michel PP, Marquez J, Mouatt-Prigent A, Ruberg M, Hirsch EC, Agid Y.Apoptosis and autophagy in nigral neurons of patients with Parkinson's disease.Histol Histopathol12: 25\u201331, 1997."},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01192.x"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082243699"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.59.1.63"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00847.x"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2006.02.055"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.15108500"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15356.x"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1568977"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen PC.Analysis of discrete III-posed problems by means of the L-curve.Soc Industrial Appl Math34: 561\u2013580, 1992.","DOI":"10.1137\/1034115"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00763.2006"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1634OC"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyde D, Miller E, Brooks DH, Ntziachristos V.A statistical approach to inverting the Born ratio.IEEE Trans Med Imaging7: 893\u2013905, 2007.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.895467"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/39.4.2005374"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones HA.Inflammation imaging.Proc Am Thorac Soc2: 513\u2013548, 2005.","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200507-069DS"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00112903"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.24.3.4289"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lefort J, Singer M, Leduc D, Renesto P, Nahori MA, Huerre M, Creminon C, Chignard M, Vargaftig BB.Systemic administration of endotoxin induces bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity dissociated from TNF-alpha formation and neutrophil sequestration into the murine lungs.J Immunol161: 474\u2013480, 1998.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.474"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Musch G, Venegas JG.Positron emission tomography imaging of regional lung function.Minerva Anestesiol72: 363\u2013367, 2006."},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264748.86145.ac"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.6_suppl.271S"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1074"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ntziachristos V, Schellenberger EA, Ripoll J, Yessayan D, Graves E, Bogdanov A Jr, Josephson L, Weissleder R.Visualization of antitumor treatment by means of fluorescence molecular tomography with an annexin V-Cy5.5conjugate.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA101: 12294\u201312299, 2004.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401137101"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2136148"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00732.2006"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.640"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1362"},{"key":"R29","unstructured":"Reinartz P, Kaiser HJ, Wildberger JE, Gordji C, Nowak B, Buell U.SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: automated detection of match and mismatch defects by means of image-processing techniques.J Nucl Med47: 968\u2013973, 2006."},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/153535003322750682"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302117"},{"key":"R32","unstructured":"Richard JC, Zhou Z, Chen DL, Mintun MA, Piwnica-Worms D, Factor P, Ponde DE, Schuster DP.Quantitation of pulmonary transgene expression with PET imaging.J Nucl Med45: 644\u2013654, 2004."},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1217OC"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowan AD, Mason P, Mach L, Mort JS.Rat procathepsin B proteolytic processing to the mature form in vitro.J Biol Chem267: 15993\u201315999, 1992.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)49632-4"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.1.1.1513"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0350-y"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shacka JJ, Roth KA.Cathepsin D deficiency and NCL\/Batten Disease: there's more to death than apoptosis.Autophagy3: 2007.","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.4341"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1037"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2005.857213"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-007-0119-5"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00263-0"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.17.4629"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207779313542"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.24.5.4156"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weidauer E, Yasuda Y, Biswal BK, Cherny M, James MN, Bromme D.Effects of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on the activities of rheumatoid arthritis-associated cathepsins K and S.Biol Chem388: 331\u2013336, 2007.","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2007.037"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.12.013"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504628102"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zacharakis G, Shih H, Ripoll J, Weissleder R, Ntziachristos V.Normalized transillumination of fluorescent proteins in small animals.Mol Imaging5: 153\u2013159, 2006.","DOI":"10.2310\/7290.2006.00018"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm976"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2003.tb00478.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00959.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T22:18:58Z","timestamp":1684189138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00959.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.00959.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00959.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}