{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T10:58:50Z","timestamp":1791025130207,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The present study examined the integrative effects of passive heating on cerebral perfusion and alterations in central motor drive. Eight participants underwent passive hyperthermia [0.5\u00b0C increments in core temperature (Tc) from normothermia (37 \u00b1 0.3\u00b0C) to their limit of thermal tolerance (T-LIM; 39.0 \u00b1 0.4\u00b0C)]. Blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (CBFv) and respiratory responses were measured continuously. Arterial blood gases and blood pressure were obtained intermittently. At baseline and each Tc level, supramaximal femoral nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were performed to assess neuromuscular and cortical function, respectively. At T-LIM, measures were (in a randomized order) also made during a period of breathing 5% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> gas to restore eucapnia (+5% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Mean heating time was 179 \u00b1 51 min, with each 0.5\u00b0C increment in Tc taking 40 \u00b1 10 min. CBFv was reduced by \u223c20% below baseline from +0.5\u00b0C until T-LIM. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors was decreased at T-LIM (\u22129 \u00b1 10%; P &lt; 0.05), and cortical voluntary activation (VA), assessed by TMS, was decreased at +1.5\u00b0C and T-LIM by 11 \u00b1 8 and 22 \u00b1 23%, respectively ( P &lt; 0.05). Corticospinal excitability (measured as the EMG response produced by TMS) was unaltered. Reductions in cortical VA were related to changes in ventilation (V\u0307e; R<jats:sup> 2<\/jats:sup> = 0.76; P &lt; 0.05) and partial pressure of end-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Pet<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>; R<jats:sup> 2<\/jats:sup> = 0.63; P &lt; 0.05) and to changes in CBFv ( R<jats:sup> 2<\/jats:sup> = 0.61; P = 0.067). Interestingly, although CBFv was not fully restored, MVC and cortical VA were restored towards baseline values during inhalation of 5% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. These results indicate that descending voluntary drive becomes progressively impaired as Tc is increased, presumably due, in part, to reductions in CBFv and to hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation and subsequent hypocapnia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00988.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,3]],"date-time":"2011-12-03T01:06:32Z","timestamp":1322874392000},"page":"748-758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Cerebrovascular and corticomotor function during progressive passive hyperthermia in humans"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Emma Z.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea School Research Centre, University of Brighton, Eastbourne,"},{"name":"Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, Middlesex, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Lin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J. 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