{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:55:25Z","timestamp":1791086125727,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite enormous rates of minute ventilation (V\u0307e) in the galloping Thoroughbred (TB) horse, the energetic demands of exercise conspire to raise arterial Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(i.e., induce hypercapnia). If locomotory-respiratory coupling (LRC) is an obligatory facilitator of high V\u0307e in the horse such as those found during galloping (Bramble and Carrier. Science 219: 251\u2013256, 1983), V\u0307e should drop precipitously when LRC ceases at the galloptrot transition, thus exacerbating the hypercapnia. TB horses ( n = 5) were run to volitional fatigue on a motor-driven treadmill (1 m\/s increments; 14\u201315 m\/s) to study the dynamic control of breath-by-breath V\u0307e, O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>uptake, and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>output at the transition from maximal exercise to active recovery (i.e., trotting at 3 m\/s for 800 m). At the transition from the gallop to the trot, V\u0307e did not drop instantaneously. Rather, V\u0307e remained at the peak exercising levels (1,391 \u00b1 88 l\/min) for \u223c13 s via the combination of an increased tidal volume (12.6 \u00b1 1.2 liters at gallop; 13.9 \u00b1 1.6 liters over 13 s of trotting recovery; P &lt; 0.05) and a reduced breathing frequency [113.8 \u00b1 5.2 breaths\/min (at gallop); 97.7 \u00b1 5.9 breaths\/min over 13 s of trotting recovery ( P &lt; 0.05)]. Subsequently, V\u0307e declined in a biphasic fashion with a slower mean response time (85.4 \u00b1 9.0 s) than that of the monoexponential decline of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>output (39.9 \u00b1 4.7 s; P &lt; 0.05), which rapidly reversed the postexercise arterial hypercapnia (arterial Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>at gallop: 52.8 \u00b1 3.2 Torr; at 2 min of recovery: 25.0 \u00b1 1.4 Torr; P &lt; 0.05). We conclude that LRC is not a prerequisite for achievement of V\u0307e commensurate with maximal exercise or the pronounced hyperventilation during recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00998.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,10]],"date-time":"2004-02-10T01:45:04Z","timestamp":1076377504000},"page":"2187-2193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Ventilatory dynamics and control of blood gases after maximal exercise in the Thoroughbred horse"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Danielle J.","family":"Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey A.","family":"Kindig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard H.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.5.1818"},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(97)00094-7"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(90)90098-J"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Art Tand Lekeux P.Ventilatory and arterial blood gas tension adjustments to strenuous exercise in Standardbreds.Am J Vet Res56: 1332-1337, 1995.","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.10.1332"},{"key":"REF5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1982.tb02340.x"},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.5.1958"},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199802000-00011"},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6849136"},{"key":"REF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler PJ, Woakes AJ, Smale K, Roberts CA, Hillidge CJ, Snow DH, and Marlin DJ.Respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments during exercise of increasing intensity and during recovery in Thoroughbred racehorses.J Exp Biol179: 159-180, 1993.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.179.1.159"},{"key":"REF10","unstructured":"Dempsey JA, Ainsworth DM, and Forster HV.Regulation of hyperpnea, hyperventilation, and respiratory muscle recruitment during exercise. 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