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The objectives of the present study were to investigate the relative role of genetic and environmental influences on lumbar range of motion in adult men and the pathways through which genes may influence range of motion. Thus we conducted a classic twin study of 300 monozygotic and dizygotic male twin pairs with consideration of covariates, using standard statistical methods. All subjects underwent a clinical examination, including general anthropometrics, lumbar range of motion, and lumbar MRI to assess disc degeneration, as well as an extensive interview on environmental and behavioral exposures and back pain history. We found the proportion of variance in lumbar range of motion attributable to genetic influences (heritability estimate) to be 47%. The extent of lumbar range of motion in flexion was predominantly determined by genetic influences (64%), while extension was influenced to a somewhat greater degree by environmental and behavioral factors. Statistically significant age-adjusted genetic correlations were found between lumbar extension and disc degeneration variables ( r<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>= \u22120.38 to \u22120.43) and between flexion and body weight ( r<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>= \u22120.33), suggesting two pathways through which genes influence lumbar range of motion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01009.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T01:59:47Z","timestamp":1196387987000},"page":"379-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Heritability of lumbar flexibility and the role of disc degeneration and body weight"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Michele C.","family":"Batti\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esko","family":"Levalahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tapio","family":"Videman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akaike H.Factor analysis and AIC.Psychometrica52: 319\u2013322, 1987.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294359"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.5.653"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199512150-00001"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.010"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.188.2.8327677"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199404150-00012"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(86)90032-X"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton AK, Battie MC, Gibbons L, Videman T, Tillotson KM.Lumbar disc degeneration and sagittal flexibility.J Spinal Disord9: 418\u2013424, 1996.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199610000-00010"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199109000-00010"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.45.519"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330640311"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0838.2003.20219.x"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20376"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15065-9"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00018"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katzmarzyk PT, Gledhill N, Perusse L, Bouchard C.Familial aggregation of 7-year changes in musculoskeletal fitness.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci56: B497\u2013B502, 2001.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.12.B497"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199612000-00007"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025635913927"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2005.265"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20498"},{"key":"R21","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n, BO.Mplus User's Guide(4th ed.). 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