{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T07:31:43Z","timestamp":1791185503584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Our aim was to determine the effects of carotid body denervation (CBD) on the ventilatory responses to focal acidosis and ibotenic acid (IA) injections into the medullary raphe area of awake, adult goats. Multiple microtubules were chronically implanted into the midline raphe area nuclei either before or after CBD. For up to 15 days after bilateral CBD, arterial Pco<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Pa<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>) (13.3 \u00b1 1.9 Torr) was increased ( P &lt; 0.001), and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensitivity (\u221253.0 \u00b1 6.4%) was decreased ( P &lt; 0.001). Thereafter, resting Pa<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub> and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensitivity returned ( P &lt; 0.01) toward control, but Pa<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub> remained elevated (4.8 \u00b1 1.9 Torr) and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensitivity reduced (\u221224.7 \u00b1 6.0%) \u226540 days after CBD. Focal acidosis (FA) at multiple medullary raphe area sites 23\u201344 days post-CBD with 50 or 80% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> increased inspiratory flow (V\u0307i), tidal volume (Vt), metabolic rate (V\u0307o<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and heart rate (HR) ( P &lt; 0.05). The effects of FA with 50% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> after CBD did not differ from intact goats. However, CBD attenuated ( P &lt; 0.05) the increase in V\u0307i, Vt, and HR with 80% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, but it had no effect on the increase in V\u0307o<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Rostral but not caudal raphe area IA injections increased V\u0307i, BP, and HR ( P &lt; 0.05), and these responses were accentuated ( P &lt; 0.001) after CBD. CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensitivity was attenuated (\u221220%; P &lt; 0.05) &lt;7 days after IA injection, but thereafter it returned to prelesion values in CBD goats. We conclude the following: 1) the attenuated response to FA after CBD provides further evidence that the carotid bodies provide a tonic facilitory input into respiratory control centers, 2) the plasticity after CBD is not due to increased raphe chemoreceptor sensitivity, and 3) the \u201cerror-sensing\u201d function of the carotid body blunts the effect of strong stimulation of the raphe. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01011.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,4]],"date-time":"2004-12-04T01:24:03Z","timestamp":1102123443000},"page":"1234-1242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Carotid body denervation alters ventilatory responses to ibotenic acid injections or focal acidosis in the medullary raphe"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"M. 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