{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:09:09Z","timestamp":1780582149154,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2024-06256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2024-06256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000105","name":"York University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite past findings providing mechanistic insights into biological sex differences in dyspnea sensation during exercise, it remains unclear how biological sex differences in respiratory\/structure function regulate the perception of dyspnea during progressive hypercapnia. Our results show that females report greater perceived breathing discomfort and unpleasantness than males during progressive hypercapnia. When accounting for the magnitude of between-group differences in end-inspiratory lung volume during hypercapnia, breathing discomfort and unpleasantness were similar between the sexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01186.2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T15:00:49Z","timestamp":1775314849000},"page":"1288-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Operating lung volume and perceived dyspnea during progressive hypercapnia: the effect of biological sex"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Ghazal","family":"Adibmoradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsa","family":"Shekarloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6807-9469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine A.","family":"Darko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parsa","family":"Jamal-Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahita","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8865-1921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Edgell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0664-5171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devin B.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"York University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202109-2171OC"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0302111"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283252"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2019.02.007"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2021.tb00156.x"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(92)90137-l"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086561"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1675OC"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(92)90131-f"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.5.1231"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2010.09.007"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2025.104436"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2020.103571"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2012.071415"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00950.2013"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1859"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00418.2021"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285965"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00440.2018"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.074880"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01118.2020"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01470.2005"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01208.2003"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00727.2011"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00938.2024"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00289-2020"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0034-5687(00)00095-5"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.12.007"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00455.2023"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00862.2004"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00548"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/956081"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002741"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP092586"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.3.1123"},{"key":"B39","volume-title":"Medical Monograph","author":"Means JH","year":"1924"},{"key":"B40","first-page":"26","volume":"44","author":"Cournand A","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0787"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00157711"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0841OC"},{"key":"B44","volume-title":"Respiratory Neurology: Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Part I","author":"Dempsey J","year":"2022"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090668"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01186.2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:59:13Z","timestamp":1780581553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01186.2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.01186.2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01186.2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-20","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}