{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:49:10Z","timestamp":1791096550413,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> To explore whether asthma and obesity share overlapping pathogenic features, we examined the impact of each alone, and in combination, on multiple aspects of lung function. We reasoned that if they influenced the lungs through similar mechanisms, the individual physiological manifestations in the comorbid state should interact in a complex fashion. If not, then the abnormalities should simply add. We measured specific conductance, spirometry, lung volumes, and airway responsiveness to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists in 52 normal, 53 asthmatic, 52 obese, and 53 asthmatic and obese patients using standard techniques. Six-minute walks were performed in subsets from each group. Asthma significantly lowered specific conductance and the spirometric variables while increasing airway reactivity and residual volume. Obesity also reduced the spirometric variables as well as total lung capacity and functional residual capacity. Residual volume, specific conductance, and airway responsivity were unaltered. With comorbidity, the disease-specific derangements added algebraically. Features that existed in isolation appeared unchanged in the combination, whereas shared ones either added or subtracted depending on the individual directional changes. Synergistic interactions were not observed. Body mass index weakly correlated with spirometry and lung volumes in asthma, but not with specific conductance or bronchial reactivity. Exercise performance did not aid in differentiation. Our findings indicate asthma and obesity appear to influence the respiratory system through different processes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01260.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,12]],"date-time":"2008-09-12T00:56:21Z","timestamp":1221180981000},"page":"1533-1541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Observations on the physiological interactions between obesity and asthma"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Katina","family":"Nicolacakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Skowronski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Coreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizar Z.","family":"Nader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"E. R.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2046"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.ats11-99"},{"key":"R4","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society. Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. Am Rev Respir Dis 44: 1201\u20131218, 1991."},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2004235"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200602-231PP"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40641-X"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.4.1024"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103715"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2582"},{"key":"R11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: prevalence of overweight among children, adolescents, and adults. United States, 1988\u20131994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 46: 198\u2013202, 1997."},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.12.1028"},{"key":"R13","unstructured":"Division of Data Services. Asthma Prevalence: Health Care Use and Mortality 2000\u20132001. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2002."},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Overweight and Obesity: Defining Overweight and Obesity (Online). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nccdphp\/dnpa\/obesity\/defining.htm. [28 Feb 2005]."},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900600859123"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103282"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.11.050"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-623OC"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9712108"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Hollenberg MD, Severson DL. Drug receptors and receptors\/mechanisms. In: Principles of Pharmacology. Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications, edited by Munson PL, Mueller RA, Breese GR. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995, p. 7\u201337."},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(06)80102-2"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.827"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1035"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.7.581"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.3.337"},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report II: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (NIH Publication 97-4051). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1997."},{"key":"R28","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Asthma (Online). www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/asthma.htm."},{"key":"R29","unstructured":"Ross EM, Gilman Al. Pharmacodynamics: mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effects. In: Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics (7th ed.), edited by Gilman A, Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F. New York: McMillan, 1985, p. 35\u201348."},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-11-828"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Santesson J, Nordenstr\u00f6m J. Pulmonary function in extreme obesity. Influence of weight loss following intestinal shunt operation. Acta Chir Scand 482, Suppl: 36\u201340, 1978."},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahebjami H, Gartside PS. Pulmonary function in obese subjects with a normal FEV1\/FVC ratio. Chest 119: 1425\u20131429, 1996.","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.6.1425"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.1.4"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.3.264"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104957"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118296"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Sykes TW, Hyanes RL, McFadden ER Jr. On line determinations of lung volumes by plethysmography and digital computer. Am Rev Respir Dis 115: 581\u2013585, 1977."},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.1.39"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.12.1036"},{"key":"R40","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity. Geneva: WHO, 1997."},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2513"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.5.1470"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01260.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T22:28:57Z","timestamp":1567981737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01260.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.01260.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01260.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}