{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:55:01Z","timestamp":1792713301904,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Myasthenia gravis has variable effects on the respiratory system, ranging from no abnormalities to life-threatening respiratory failure. Studies characterized diaphragm muscle contractile performance in rat autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Rats received monoclonal antibody that recognizes acetylcholine receptor determinants (or inactive antibody); 3 days later, phrenic nerve and diaphragm were studied in vitro. Myasthenic rats segregated into two groups, those with normal vs. impaired limb muscle function when tested in intact animals (\u201cmild\u201d and \u201csevere\u201d myasthenic). Baseline diaphragm twitch force was reduced for both severe ( P &lt; 0.01) and mild ( P &lt; 0.05) myasthenic compared with control animals (twitch force: normal 1,352 \u00b1 140, mild myasthenic 672 \u00b1 99, severe myasthenic 687 \u00b1 74 g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). However, only severe myasthenic diaphragm had impaired diaphragm endurance, based on significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) accelerated rate of peak force decline during the initial period of stimulation (0.02 + 0.02, 0.03 \u00b1 0.01, and 0.09 \u00b1 0.01%\/pulse for normal, mild myasthenic, and severe myasthenic, respectively, during continuous stimulation) and intratrain fatigue (up to 30.5 \u00b1 7.4% intratrain force drop in severe myasthenic vs. none in normal and mild myasthenic, P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, compared with continuous stimulation, intermittent stimulation had a protective effect on force of severe myasthenic diaphragm (force after 2,000 pulses was 31.4 \u00b1 2.0% of initial during intermittent stimulation vs. 13.0 \u00b1 2.1% of initial during continuous stimulation, P &lt; 0.01) but not on normal diaphragm. These data indicate that baseline force and fatigue may be affected to different extents by varying severity of myasthenia gravis and furthermore provide a mechanism by which alterations in breathing pattern may worsen respiratory muscle function in neuromuscular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01266.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,27]],"date-time":"2004-04-27T00:53:47Z","timestamp":1083027227000},"page":"895-901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Adverse effects of myasthenia gravis on rat phrenic diaphragm contractile performance"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"van Lunteren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine (Pulmonary), Neurology, and Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University and ClevelandVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Moyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine (Pulmonary), Neurology, and Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University and ClevelandVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J.","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine (Pulmonary), Neurology, and Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University and ClevelandVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.1077"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)90317-4"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00374-X"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91514-8"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.1.129"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302507"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90124-C"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(85)90118-9"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10378"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12034.x"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010088"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.1.341"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08071130"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.2.440"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.6.1999"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.1.174"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00042.x"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/285238a0"},{"key":"R19","unstructured":"Lisak RP.Handbook of Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Syndromes. 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