{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:29:55Z","timestamp":1789626595981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The effect of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnic alkalosis (Hypo) on the adjustment of pulmonary O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake (V\u0307o<jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub>) and leg femoral conduit artery (\u201cbulk\u201d) blood flow (LBF) during moderate-intensity exercise (Mod) was examined in eight young male adults. Subjects completed four to six repetitions of alternate-leg knee-extension exercise during normal breathing [Con; end-tidal partial pressure of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Pet<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub>) \u223c40 mmHg] and sustained hyperventilation (Hypo; Pet<jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub> \u223c20 mmHg). Increases in work rate were made instantaneously from baseline (3 W) to Mod (80% estimated lactate threshold). V\u0307o<jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub> was measured breath by breath by mass spectrometry and volume turbine, and LBF (calculated from mean femoral artery blood velocity and femoral artery diameter) was measured simultaneously by Doppler ultrasound. Concentration changes of deoxy (\u0394[HHb])-, oxy (\u0394[O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Hb])-, and total hemoglobin-myoglobin (\u0394[Hb<jats:sub>Tot<\/jats:sub>]) of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The kinetics of V\u0307o<jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub>, LBF, and \u0394[HHb] were modeled using a monoexponential equation by nonlinear regression. The time constants for the phase 2 V\u0307o<jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub> (Hypo, 49 \u00b1 26 s; Con, 28 \u00b1 8 s) and LBF (Hypo, 46 \u00b1 16 s; Con, 23 \u00b1 6 s) were greater ( P &lt; 0.05) in Hypo compared with Con. However, the mean response time for the overall \u0394[HHb] response was not different between conditions (Hypo, 23 \u00b1 5 s; Con, 24 \u00b1 3 s), whereas the \u0394[HHb] amplitude was greater ( P &lt; 0.05) in Hypo (8.05 \u00b1 7.47 a.u.) compared with Con (6.69 \u00b1 6.31 a.u.). Combined, these results suggest that hyperventilation-induced hypocapnic alkalosis is associated with slower convective (i.e., slowed femoral artery and microvascular blood flow) and diffusive (i.e., greater fractional O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> extraction for a given \u0394V\u0307o<jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub>) O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> delivery, which may contribute to the hyperventilation-induced slowing of V\u0307o<jats:sub>2p<\/jats:sub> (and muscle O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> utilization) kinetics. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01346.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]],"date-time":"2010-03-26T00:59:43Z","timestamp":1269565183000},"page":"1641-1650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Pulmonary O<sub>2<\/sub> uptake and leg blood flow kinetics during moderate exercise are slowed by hyperventilation-induced hypocapnic alkalosis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Lisa M. K.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging,"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J. F.","family":"Heigenhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald H.","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging,"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Kowalchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging,"},{"name":"School of Kinesiology, and"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066602017004004"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020966"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00374534"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.3.355"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.3.979"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.2.H604"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.264.4.C932"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.6.1662"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.272.6.H2693"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(69)90003-6"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.2.658"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.9.1.89"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.132837"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-009-1293-1"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.79.4.631"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004815"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1966.211.5.1255","volume":"211","author":"Coffman JD","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H1916"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1998.2076"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.256.3.H867"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00956.2002"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"119","volume":"9","author":"Ellsworth ML","year":"1994","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"A Practical User's Guide to Near Infrared Spectroscopy","author":"Elwell CE","year":"1995"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.1.94"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00907.2004"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00895.2006"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810020055009"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.3.988"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"36","volume":"69","author":"Gurd BJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol News"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01028.2004"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"131","volume":"12","author":"Gustafsson U","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Microcirc Clin Exp"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2005.032904"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1999.277.5.R1274"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.46.6.771"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199201000-00009"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.73.2.314"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.2.321"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1994.tb03863.x"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00147.2004"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000281445.77223.31"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1965.208.1.139","volume":"208","author":"Kontos HA","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.223.6.1296","volume":"223","author":"Kontos HA","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.166397"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.5.2003"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.022764"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100470"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.5.1622"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-78-1-67"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01183.2004"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000158948"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021186"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1997.0598"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10739689509146755"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31815ef29b"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.4.1383"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.1.H314"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104234"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1957.sp005797"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0921p.x"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.2.407"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.11.s1.s189"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.256.3.H838"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1989.256.2.C234"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.1.H76"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200204000-00009"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016810"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.3.805"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1101"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00185.2004"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(03)00156-8"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.273.1.H156"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1998.274.1.H178"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000041858.78005.d2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01346.2009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T21:59:30Z","timestamp":1567979970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01346.2009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.01346.2009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01346.2009","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}}}