{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:30:55Z","timestamp":1790109055392,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several sweat mineral element concentrations decline with serial sampling. Possible causes include reduced dermal mineral concentrations or flushing of surface contamination. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously sample mineral concentrations in transdermal fluid (TDF), sweat, and serum during extended exercise-heat stress to determine if these compartments show the same serial changes during repeat sampling. Sixteen heat-acclimated individuals walked on a treadmill (1.56 m\/s, 3.0% grade) in a 35\u00b0C, 20% relative humidity (RH), 1 m\/s wind environment 50 min each hour for 3 h. Mineral concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, and Zn were measured each hour from serum, sweat from upper back (sweat pouch) and arm (bag), and TDF from the upper back. Sites were meticulously cleaned to minimize surface contamination. Mineral concentrations were determined by spectrometry. TDF remained stable over time, with exception of a modest increase in TDF [Fe] (15%) and decrease in TDF [Zn] (\u221218%). Likewise, serum and pouch sweat samples were stable over time. In contrast, the initial arm bag sweat mineral concentrations were greater than those in the sweat pouch, and [Ca], [Cu], [Mg], and [Zn] declined 26\u201376% from initial to the subsequent samples, becoming similar to sweat pouch. Nominal TDF mineral shifts do not affect sweat mineral concentrations. Arm bag sweat mineral concentrations are initially elevated due to skin surface contaminants that are not removed despite meticulous cleaning (e.g., under fingernails, on arm hair), then decrease with extended sweating and approach those measured from the scapular region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01437.2010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,22]],"date-time":"2011-04-22T04:52:39Z","timestamp":1303447959000},"page":"1534-1540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Surface contamination artificially elevates initial sweat mineral concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Ely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Kenefick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel N.","family":"Cheuvront","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Troy D.","family":"Chinevere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig P.","family":"Lacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Lukaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Montain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90310-5"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00197.2009"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00634308"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00233860"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)84633-6","volume":"68","author":"Brown H","year":"1926","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)84147-3","volume":"75","author":"Brown H","year":"1927","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.3.438"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes","author":"Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Institute of Medicine","year":"2001"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1949.00220330056007"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/78.1.78"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/18.6.443"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000012744"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"Delmar's Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests","author":"Daniels R","year":"2003"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.12.4.428"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1916.00080130010002"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00577.2009"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"Biological Variation: From Principles to Practice","author":"Fraser CG","year":"2001"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/29.8.842"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1057-x"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/19.11.1288","volume":"19","author":"Hohnadel DC","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.195.163"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181988c14"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1105945"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"704","volume":"22","author":"Lind AR","year":"1963","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"352","volume":"79","author":"Lund CC","year":"1944","journal-title":"Surg Gynec Obst"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.4.474"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.17.6.574"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.2004.01305.x"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(94)90250-X"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(02)00546-8"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.2000.02058.x"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.2002.00927.x"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(83)90071-2"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"121","volume":"10","author":"Saraymen R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inonu Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"7","volume":"11","author":"Saraymen R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inonu Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Dergisi"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.1.336"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(88)90140-4"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsn.3.3.261"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365516809160740"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20402"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"121","volume":"46","author":"Weintraub LR","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01437.2010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:50:38Z","timestamp":1637542238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01437.2010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/japplphysiol.01437.2010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.01437.2010","relation":{},"ISSN":["8750-7587","1522-1601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8750-7587","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}