{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:31:31Z","timestamp":1789558291406,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The factors regulating lung aeration and the initiation of pulmonary gas exchange at birth are largely unknown, particularly in infants born very preterm. As hydrostatic pressure gradients may play a role, we have examined the effect of a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the spatial and temporal pattern of lung aeration in preterm rabbit pups mechanically ventilated from birth using simultaneous phase-contrast X-ray imaging and plethysmography. Preterm rabbit pups were delivered by caesarean section at 28 days of gestational age, anesthetized, intubated, and placed within a water-filled plethysmograph (head out). Pups were imaged as they were mechanically ventilated from birth with a PEEP of either 0 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O or 5 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. The peak inflation pressure was held constant at 35 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. Without PEEP, gas only entered into the distal airways during inflation. The distal airways collapsed during expiration, and, as a result, the functional residual capacity (FRC) did not increase above the lung's anatomic dead space volume (2.5 \u00b1 0.8 ml\/kg). In contrast, ventilation with 5-cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O PEEP gradually increased aeration of the distal airways, which did not collapse at end expiration. The FRC achieved in pups ventilated with PEEP (19.9 \u00b1 3.2 ml\/kg) was significantly greater than in pups ventilated without PEEP (\u22122.3 \u00b1 3.5 ml\/kg). PEEP greatly facilitates aeration of the distal airways and the accumulation of FRC and prevents distal airway collapse at end expiration in very preterm rabbit pups mechanically ventilated from birth. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91591.2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,27]],"date-time":"2009-03-27T01:10:37Z","timestamp":1238116237000},"page":"1487-1493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Melissa L.","family":"Siew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjan B.","family":"te Pas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan J.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus J.","family":"Kitchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Fouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin J.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Uesugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart B.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70198-7"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199709000-00016"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bland RD. 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