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Despite the role of sex in the regulation of these processes, few studies examine the role of sex and\/or ovarian cycle in the regulation of synaptic neurotransmission to the DMV. Since GABAergic neurotransmission is critical to normal DMV function, the present study used in vitro whole cell patch-clamping to investigate whether sex differences exist in GABAergic neurotransmission to DMV neurons. It additionally investigated whether the ovarian cycle plays a role in those sex differences. The frequency of phasic GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in DMV neurons from females was lower compared with males, and this effect was TTX sensitive and abolished by ovariectomy (OVX). Amplitudes of GABAergic currents (both phasic and tonic) were not different. However, females demonstrated significantly more variability in the amplitude of both phasic and tonic GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor currents. This difference was eliminated by OVX in females, suggesting that these differences were related to reproductive hormone levels. This was confirmed for GABAergic tonic currents by comparing females in two ovarian stages, estrus versus diestrus. Female mice in diestrus had larger tonic current amplitudes compared with those in estrus, and this increase was abolished after administration of a 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitor but not modulation of estrogen. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that DMV neurons undergo GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor activity plasticity as a function of sex and\/or sex steroids. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Results show that GABAergic signaling in dorsal vagal motor neurons (DMV) demonstrates sex differences and fluctuates across the ovarian cycle in females. These findings are the first to demonstrate that female GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor activity in this brain region is modulated by 5\u03b1-reductase-dependent hormones. Since DMV activity is critical to both glucose and gastrointestinal homeostasis, these results suggest that sex hormones, including those synthesized by 5\u03b1-reductase, contribute to visceral, autonomic function related to these physiological processes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00039.2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T15:36:08Z","timestamp":1570635368000},"page":"2130-2141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptor currents in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in females: influence of ovarian cycle and 5\u03b1-reductase inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Littlejohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, 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