{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:28:44Z","timestamp":1790771324825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Autism Speaks Fellowship","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["MH098228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH098228"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["MH078160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH078160"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["EB016089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB016089"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1RR025005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1RR025005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tourette Syndrome Association","award":["WU-12-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WU-12-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Tourette Syndrome (TS) is characterized by the presence of chronic tics. Individuals with TS often report difficulty with ignoring (habituating to) tactile sensations, and some patients perceive that this contributes to a \u201cpremonitory urge\u201d to tic. While common, the physiological basis of impaired tactile processing in TS, and indeed tics themselves, remain poorly understood. It has been well established that GABAergic processing plays an important role in shaping the neurophysiological response to tactile stimulation. Furthermore, there are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that a deficit in GABAergic transmission may contribute to symptoms found in TS. In this study, GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was combined with a battery of vibrotactile tasks to investigate the role of GABA and atypical sensory processing in children with TS. Our results show reduced primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) GABA concentration in children with TS compared with healthy control subjects (HC), as well as patterns of impaired performance on tactile detection and adaptation tasks, consistent with altered GABAergic function. Moreover, in children with TS SM1 GABA concentration correlated with motor tic severity, linking the core feature of TS directly to in vivo brain neurochemistry. There was an absence of the typical correlation between GABA and frequency discrimination performance in TS as was seen in HC. These data show that reduced GABA concentration in TS may contribute to both motor tics and sensory impairments in children with TS. Understanding the mechanisms of altered sensory processing in TS may provide a foundation for novel interventions to alleviate these symptoms. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00060.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T11:37:41Z","timestamp":1433417861000},"page":"808-817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Reduced GABAergic inhibition and abnormal sensory symptoms in children with Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Nicolaas A. J.","family":"Puts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deana","family":"Crocetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Nettles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey S.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tommerdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A. E.","family":"Edden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart H.","family":"Mostofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodevelopment and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23977"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080806"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.09.003"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2013.00050"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"319","volume":"53","author":"Cohen AJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60050-2"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2280"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4426-09.2009"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24478"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23923"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00708.2010"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.09.034"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.012"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"222","volume":"22","author":"Harris AD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.11.007"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/561048"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70311-X"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-01-00001.1989"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502624102"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12217"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00139-0"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws104"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.35"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4018-12.2013"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi056"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199810)11:6<266::AID-NBM530>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0213"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.004"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25094"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22520"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2011.06.001"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4489-11.2011"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.04.012"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00890.2013"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00017"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.3.383"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-10-03628.2001"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.1.25"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.34"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.024"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.05.037"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.01.026"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2012.v6.4.212"},{"key":"B46","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children","author":"Wechsler D","year":"2003"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Sensory Processing in the Mammalian Brain: Neural Substrates and Experimental Strategies","author":"Whitsel BL","year":"1989"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0899022031000083834"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810397046"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.141"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2011.00018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00060.2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T08:36:28Z","timestamp":1589531788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00060.2015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00060.2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00060.2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}