{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:26:22Z","timestamp":1793834782953,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n We measured persistent Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n current and membrane properties of bursting-pacemaker and nonbursting inspiratory neurons of the neonatal rat pre-B\u00f6tzinger complex (pre-B\u00f6tC) in brain stem slice preparations with a rhythmically active respiratory network in vitro. In whole-cell recordings, slow voltage ramps (\u2264100 mV\/s) inactivated the fast, spike-generating Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n current and yielded N-shaped current-voltage relationships with nonmonotonic, negative-slope regions between \u221260 and \u221235 mV when the voltage-sensitive component was isolated. The underlying current was a TTX-sensitive persistent Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n current ( I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n ) since the inward current was present at slow voltage ramp speeds (3.3\u2013100 mV\/s) and the current was blocked by 1 \u03bcM TTX. We measured the biophysical properties of I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n after subtracting the voltage-insensitive \u201cleak\u201d current ( I\n Leak<\/jats:sub>\n ) in the presence of Cd\n 2+<\/jats:sup>\n and in some cases tetraethylammonium (TEA). Peak I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n ranged from \u221250 to \u2212200 pA at a membrane potential of \u221230 mV. Decreasing the speed of the voltage ramp caused time-dependent I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n inactivation, but this current was present at ramp speeds as low as 3.3 mV\/s. I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n activated at \u221260 mV and obtained half-maximal activation near \u221240 mV. The subthreshold voltage dependence and slow inactivation kinetics of I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n , which closely resemble those of I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n mathematically modeled as a burst-generation mechanism in pacemaker neurons of the pre-B\u00f6tC, suggest that I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n predominantly influences bursting dynamics of pre-B\u00f6tC inspiratory pacemaker neurons in vitro. We also found that the ratio of persistent Na\n +<\/jats:sup>\n conductance to leak conductance ( g\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n \/ g\n Leak<\/jats:sub>\n ) can distinguish the phenotypic subpopulations of bursting pacemaker and nonbursting inspiratory neurons: pacemaker neurons showed g\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n \/ g\n Leak<\/jats:sub>\n > g\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n \/ g\n Leak<\/jats:sub>\n in nonpacemaker cells ( P < 0.0002). We conclude that I\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n is ubiquitously expressed by pre-B\u00f6tC inspiratory neurons and that bursting pacemaker behavior within the heterogeneous population of inspiratory neurons is achieved with specific ratios of these two conductances, g\n NaP<\/jats:sub>\n and g\n Leak<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00081.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T02:06:00Z","timestamp":1149041160000},"page":"2242-2250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":247,"title":["Persistent Sodium Current, Membrane Properties and Bursting Behavior of Pre-B\u00f6tzinger Complex Inspiratory Neurons In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Del Negro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4455;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Koshiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4455;"},{"name":"Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850-3332; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert J.","family":"Butera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Systems Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4455;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-02-00660.1993"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.1.382"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.1.398"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.966605"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.59"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00712-2"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00580998"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb42194.x"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.76.3.2125"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0901-927"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5444.1566"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.6.2598"},{"key":"B13","first-page":"243.3","volume":"27","author":"Koshiya N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021263"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22540"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"696","volume":"25","author":"Koshiya N","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.895bs.x"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.60.1.385"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00155-9"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1683005"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00574-3"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.104"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02994.2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00081.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:36:28Z","timestamp":1567989388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00081.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00081.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00081.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]]}}}