{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:59:07Z","timestamp":1777697947671,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Vienna Science and Tchnology Fund (WWTF)","award":["LS11-057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS11-057"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008191","name":"Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WFL-AT-007\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WFL-AT-007\/11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund (FWF)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["L512-N13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L512-N13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In individuals with motor-complete spinal cord injury, epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord at 2 Hz evokes unmodulated reflexes in the lower limbs, while stimulation at 22\u201360 Hz can generate rhythmic burstlike activity. Here we elaborated on an output pattern emerging at transitional stimulation frequencies with consecutively elicited reflexes alternating between large and small. We analyzed responses concomitantly elicited in thigh and leg muscle groups bilaterally by epidural stimulation in eight motor-complete spinal cord-injured individuals. Periodic amplitude modulation of at least 20 successive responses occurred in 31.4% of all available data sets with stimulation frequency set at 5\u201326 Hz, with highest prevalence at 16 Hz. It could be evoked in a single muscle group only but was more strongly expressed and consistent when occurring in pairs of antagonists or in the same muscle group bilaterally. Latencies and waveforms of the modulated reflexes corresponded to those of the unmodulated, monosynaptic responses to 2-Hz stimulation. We suggest that the cyclical changes of reflex excitability resulted from the interaction of facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms emerging after specific delays and with distinct durations, including postactivation depression, recurrent inhibition and facilitation, as well as reafferent feedback activation. The emergence of large responses within the patterns at a rate of 5.5\/s or 8\/s may further suggest the entrainment of spinal mechanisms as involved in clonus. The study demonstrates that the human lumbosacral spinal cord can organize a simple form of rhythmicity through the repetitive activation of spinal reflex circuits. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00136.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,23]],"date-time":"2015-04-23T03:16:31Z","timestamp":1429758991000},"page":"400-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Periodic modulation of repetitively elicited monosynaptic reflexes of the human lumbosacral spinal cord"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Ursula S.","family":"Hofstoetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon M.","family":"Danner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"},{"name":"Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitta","family":"Freundl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Center, Maria Theresien Schloessel, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Center, Maria Theresien Schloessel, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Mayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Rattay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Minassian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu038"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1349-5"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90131-8"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-05-01308.1986"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1688-13.2013"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00273-S"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00932.2010"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"2868","volume":"73","author":"Cook AW","year":"1973","journal-title":"NY State J Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.128447"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230683"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu372"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.6.545"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.4.321"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00316.2009"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005226"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0015b.x"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015836428932"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1142-6"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60547-3"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2013-4014"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000149"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00616.x"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009487"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009630"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(66)90039-2"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1666-3"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199803)21:3<352::AID-MUS9>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101670"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00056-2"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/204577211X13207446293695"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.02.012"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102313"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90130-4"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2010.2054112"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.2.174"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"265","volume":"86","author":"Magladery JW","year":"1950","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236290"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0888439004267674"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018046"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00234121"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00129.2001"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199746507.003.0010"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101615"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.01.005"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20700"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101038"},{"key":"B48","first-page":"545","volume":"51","author":"Paillard J","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Physiol (Paris)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139026727"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(00)00062-9"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101040"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101039"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3864-6"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(87)90007-4"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000377"},{"key":"B56","first-page":"155","volume":"26","author":"Shapkova EY","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90014-C"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199608)19:8<966::AID-MUS5>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"B59","volume":"6","author":"Wenger N","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00136.2015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T04:25:19Z","timestamp":1589516719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00136.2015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00136.2015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00136.2015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}}}