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The 2D measured direction of the slow phase eye movements changed with the canal stimulated. Increasing pulse current over a 0\u2013400 \u03bcA range typically produced a monotonic increase in slow phase eye velocity. The responses decremented or in some cases fluctuated over time in most implanted canals but could be partially restored by changing the return path of the stimulation current. Implantation of the device in Meniere's patients produced hearing and vestibular loss in the implanted ear. Electrical stimulation was well tolerated, producing no sensation of pain, nausea, or auditory percept with stimulation that elicited robust eye movements. There were changes in slow phase eye velocity with current and over time, and changes in electrically evoked compound action potentials produced by stimulation and recorded with the implanted device. Perceived rotation in subjects was consistent with the slow phase eye movements in direction and scaled with stimulation current in magnitude. These results suggest that electrical stimulation of the vestibular end organ in human subjects provided controlled vestibular inputs over time, but in Meniere's patients this apparently came at the cost of hearing and vestibular function in the implanted ear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00171.2013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]],"date-time":"2015-02-05T05:40:46Z","timestamp":1423114846000},"page":"3866-3892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Vestibular implantation and longitudinal electrical stimulation of the semicircular canal afferents in human subjects"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"James O.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"},{"name":"National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and"},{"name":"Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University 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