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We have therefore analyzed a model EFP from a simple brainstem circuit with separable pre- and postsynaptic components to determine whether we could isolate its sources. Our previous papers had shown that the barn owl neurophonic largely originates with spikes from input axons and synapses that terminate on the neurons in the nucleus laminaris (NL) (Kuokkanen PT, Wagner H, Ashida G, Carr CE, Kempter R. J Neurophysiol 104: 2274\u20132290, 2010; Kuokkanen PT, Ashida G, Carr CE, Wagner H, Kempter R. J Neurophysiol 110: 117\u2013130, 2013; McColgan T, Liu J, Kuokkanen PT, Carr CE, Wagner H, Kempter R. eLife 6: e26106, 2017). To determine how much the postsynaptic NL neurons contributed to the neurophonic, we recorded EFP responses in NL in vivo. Power spectral analyses showed that a small spectral component of the evoked response, between 200 and 700 Hz, could be attributed to the NL neurons\u2019 spikes, while nucleus magnocellularis (NM) spikes dominate the EFP at frequencies \u22731 kHz. Thus, spikes of NL neurons and NM axons contribute to the EFP in NL in distinct frequency bands. We conclude that if the spectral components of source types are different and if their activities can be selectively modulated, the identification of EFP sources is possible. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Extracellular field potentials (EFPs) generate clinically important signals, but their sources are incompletely understood. As a model, we have analyzed the auditory neurophonic in the barn owl\u2019s nucleus laminaris. There the EFP originates predominantly from spiking in the afferent axons, with spectral power \u22731 kHz, while postsynaptic laminaris neurons contribute little. In conclusion, the identification of EFP sources is possible if they have different spectral components and if their activities can be modulated selectively. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00175.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T13:42:56Z","timestamp":1515418976000},"page":"1422-1436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Contribution of action potentials to the extracellular field potential in the nucleus laminaris of barn owl"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1355-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula T.","family":"Kuokkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 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