{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:14:59Z","timestamp":1783361699122,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T4-AN-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T4-AN-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The response evoked by direct activation of corticospinal neurons is reduced in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In contrast, the response evoked by trans-synaptic activation of these cells is enhanced. The activity of inhibitory inputs to corticospinal neurons is reduced. These abnormalities related to abnormal excitatory and inhibitory input processing by corticospinal neurons may trigger neurodegeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00208.2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T03:10:48Z","timestamp":1782097848000},"page":"261-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct evidence of upper motor neuron excitability changes in a patient with ALS"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-5925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Lazzaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Corp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Deakin University","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Musumeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fioravante","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Insola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6530-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Verona","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0487-6"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136039"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn071"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00414-2"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27305"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380114"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq134"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2409-24.2025"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae039"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa034"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106748"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaf104"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284365"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4598(199709)20:9<1137::aid-mus7>3.0.co;2-9"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1042"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-2457(02)00288-2"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl172"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.04.023"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001162"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.49.5.1292"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2025.03.044"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01570-6"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70203"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858417717660"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1012640"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1388-2457(99)00314-4"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.10.010"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.01.010"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01080.2012"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019912"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050341"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.4.482.7241"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae049"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt085"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2016.1188961"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae317"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aeb8517"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-02096-w"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr7012"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64434"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl024"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4300"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1096"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00319"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1939.sp003798"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2025.102809"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.12.012"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101019"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1324-22.2024"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21678421.2022.2160649"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00075-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00208.2026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:24:41Z","timestamp":1783358681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00208.2026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00208.2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00208.2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-09","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}