{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:06:49Z","timestamp":1789578409636,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222747\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222747\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"DOW | MHS | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-18-0760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-18-0760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) has previously been shown to reduce postural sway during quiet standing. But whether nGVS can modify balance during destabilizing perturbations is unknown. We demonstrate that nGVS reduces the initial backward trunk angular velocity in response to discrete perturbations. These effects occurred without changes in perturbation-evoked muscle responses, but with increased preperturbation ankle muscle activity. These findings suggest that nGVS alters preperturbation tonic vestibulospinal output, as evidenced by elevated preperturbation ankle EMG, rather than reactive feedback gain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00235.2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:23:25Z","timestamp":1787592205000},"page":"1296-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation on reactive postural and neuromuscular responses to surface perturbations"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-5093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Queen Square","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaeem","family":"Hadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8010-2241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isha","family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry M.","family":"Seemungal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-6360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toby J.","family":"Ellmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63916-5.00002-1"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1097"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00008.2004"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.07.022"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136335"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.10.050"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135009"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.591671"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2633-z"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37575"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0407-6"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00512.2020"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1010239"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000215"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00900"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120414"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-333580"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107751"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91808-w"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.09.014"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.02.051"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.01.006"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.10.016"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8481-4"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0657-0"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl077"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01110.2007"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050940"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"59","volume":"3","author":"Allum JHJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230848"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63916-5.00005-7"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011562"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198812293192604"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.02.009"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61263-X"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae137"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1156796"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.11.009"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.10.007"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00364.2023"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00341.2020"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.246082"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws150"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP287077"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.01.007"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00237.2018"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2022.05.010"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-6362(96)82849-9"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.6.1369"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-6362(99)00032-6"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00458.2022"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03123-2"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.11.002"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00578"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2010.04.027"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP288016"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rice D, Hannan KB, Ewer M, Dakin CJ. When \u201cnoise\u201d isn't simply noise: deterministic postural drive during noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation. J Neurophysiol 136: 405\u2013411, 2026. doi:10.1152\/jn.00177.2026.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00177.2026"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00235.2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:00:04Z","timestamp":1789578004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00235.2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00235.2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00235.2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-02","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}