{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:54:44Z","timestamp":1790816084493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We investigated changes in the activation and functional coupling of bilateral primary sensorimotor (SM1) and supplementary motor (SMA) areas with different movement rates in eight normal volunteers. An auditory-cued repetitive right-thumb movement was performed at rates of 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz. As a control condition, subjects listened to pacing tones with no movements. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from 28 scalp electrodes and electromyogram was obtained from the hand muscles. The event-related changes in EEG band-power (ERpow: activation of each area) and correlation (ERcor: functional coupling between each pair of cortical areas) were computed every 32 ms. Modulations of ERpow and ERcor were inspected in alpha (8\u201312 Hz) and beta (16\u201320 Hz) bands. Motor cortical activation and coupling was greater for faster movements. With increasing movement rate, the timing relationship between movement and tone switched from synchronization (for 0.5\u20131 Hz) to syncopation (for 3\u20134 Hz). The results suggested that for slow repetitive movements (0.5\u20131 Hz), each individual movement is separately controlled, and EEG activation and coupling of the motor cortical areas were immediately followed by transient deactivation and decoupling, having clear temporal modulation locked to each movement. In contrast, for fast repetitive movements (3\u20134 Hz), it appears that the rhythm is controlled and the motor cortices showed sustained EEG activation and continuous coupling. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00281.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:06:00Z","timestamp":1149055560000},"page":"3377-3385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Movement Rate Effect on Activation and Functional  Coupling of Motor Cortical Areas"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Toma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1428"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Mima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, 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