{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:48:06Z","timestamp":1773805686152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel-synaptic vesicle topography at the inhibitor of the crayfish ( Procambarus Clarkii) neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by analyzing the effect of different modes of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel block on transmitter release. Initial identification of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels revealed the presence of two classes, P and non-P-type with P-type channels governing \u223c70% of the total Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx. The remaining Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx was completely blocked by Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>but not by saturating concentrations of \u03c9-conotoxins MVIIC and GVIA, or nifedipine and SNX-482. To examine the relative spatial distribution of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels with respect to synaptic vesicles, we compared changes in inhibitory postsynaptic current amplitude and synaptic delay resulting from different spatial profiles of [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>around release sites. Specifically, addition of either [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, which decreases single-channel current, or \u03c9-Aga IVA, which completely blocks P-type channels, prolonged synaptic delay by a similar amount when Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx block was &lt;40%. Because non-P-type channels are able to compensate for blocked P-type channels, it suggests that these channels overlap considerably in their distribution. However, when Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>influx was blocked by \u223c50%, \u03c9-Aga IVA increased delay significantly more than Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, suggesting that P-type channels are located closer than non-P-type channels to synaptic vesicles. This distribution of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels was further supported by the observations that non-P-type channels are unable to trigger release in physiological saline and EGTA preferentially prolongs synaptic delay dominated by non-P-type channels when transmitter release is evoked with broad action potentials. We therefore conclude that although non-P-type channels do not directly trigger release under physiological conditions, their distribution partially overlaps with P-type channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00287.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T00:23:36Z","timestamp":1084839816000},"page":"1491-1500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Relative Distribution of Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>Channels at the Crayfish Inhibitory Neuromuscular Junction"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Tariq N.","family":"Allana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-06-01496.1991"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050231"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-18-05661.1996"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60111-7"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018333"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00243-4"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bollmann JH, Sakmann B, and Borst JG.Calcium sensitivity of glutamate release in a calyx-type terminal.Science289, 2000.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5481.953"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp021095"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383431a0"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2035117100"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90269-0"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrachri A.Ionic currents in identified swimmeret motor neurones of the crayfishPacifastacus leniusculus. J Exp Biol198: 1483\u20131492, 1995.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.198.7.1483"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-06-04209.1995"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00430-6"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2174573"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00085-0"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903510313"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35054000"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371513a0"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240050606"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90032-O"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00763.x"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(97)78704-6"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.88.3.321"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-20-08884.2002"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02212-9"},{"key":"R27","unstructured":"Llinas R, Steinberg IZ, and Walton K.Transmission in the squid giant synapse: a model based on voltage clamp studies.J Physiol (Paris)76: 413\u2013418, 1980."},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)73907-6"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(97)78854-4"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01648.2002"},{"key":"R31","unstructured":"Meinrenken CJ, Borst JG, and Sakmann B.Local routes revisited: the space and time dependence of the Ca2+signal for phasic transmitter release at the rat calyx of Held.J Physiol547: 665\u2013689, 2003."},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90155-8"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355827a0"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.262787699"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.7210"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-11-03721.2001"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-04-02995.1995"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-00708.2002"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90216-X"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.7363"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-05-03246.1994"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneggenburger Rand Neher E.Intracellular calcium dependence of transmitter release rates at a fast central synapse.Nature406, 2000.","DOI":"10.1038\/35022702"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90214-C"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76819-6"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81248-9"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03539.1995"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09162.2000"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00155.2003"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-17-06326.2000"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.1.552"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021690"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-02-00726.1999"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80060-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00287.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T16:53:21Z","timestamp":1623948801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00287.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00287.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00287.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}