{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T19:19:18Z","timestamp":1790536758626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is often described as having an effective spatial resolution of \u223c10 mm, because of the limited area of the scalp on which TMS produces motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in resting muscles. We find that during natural hand movement TMS evokes MEPs from a much larger scalp area, in particular when stimulating over the supramarginal gyrus 55 mm away. Our results show that TMS can be effective at much larger distances than generally assumed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00369.2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T09:01:48Z","timestamp":1704877308000},"page":"360-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transcranial magnetic stimulation over supramarginal gyrus stimulates primary motor cortex directly and impairs manual dexterity: implications for TMS focality"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzia Valentina","family":"Di Chiaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8265-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily M.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"G\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominykas","family":"Gaigalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talia","family":"Jay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail V.","family":"Lockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor S.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Zeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arran T.","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.5.2125"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00009.2013"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm146"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902990404"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903530210"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.026"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.5.2580"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199407000-00029"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht115"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.02.008"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.03.002"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13886"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13763"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2012.11.013"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4734-08.2008"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1993.76.3c.1219"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.08.003"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105154"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.10.003"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00641.2018"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90029-9"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.04.017"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-09-06145.1995"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318340"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00614.2018"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2955-09.2009"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06228-z"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac210"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181356"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.004"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00299.2016"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01591"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.024"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.01.009"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05964-2"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.10.008"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.02.023"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw365"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90096-t"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht252"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1684-1"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(95)00014-p"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.056"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06773-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00369.2023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T17:10:03Z","timestamp":1707325803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00369.2023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00369.2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00369.2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-08","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}