{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:50:26Z","timestamp":1790160626749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The anterolateral group of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST<jats:sub>ALG<\/jats:sub>) plays a critical role in a diverse array of behaviors, although little is known of the physiological properties of neurons in this region. Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings from rat BNST<jats:sub>ALG<\/jats:sub> slices in vitro, we describe three distinct physiological cell types. Type I neurons were characterized by the presence of a depolarizing sag in response to hyperpolarizing current injection that resembled activation of the hyperpolarization-activated cation current I<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub> and a regular firing pattern in response to depolarizing current injection. Type II neurons exhibited the same depolarizing sag in response to hyperpolarizing current injection, but burst-fired in response to depolarizing current injection, which was indicative of the activation of the low-threshold calcium current I<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>. Type III neurons did not exhibit a depolarizing sag in response to hyperpolarizing current injection, but instead exhibited a fast time-independent rectification that became more pronounced with increased amplitude of hyperpolarizing current injection, and was indicative of activation of the inwardly rectifying potassium current I<jats:sub>K(IR)<\/jats:sub>. Type III neurons also exhibited a regular firing pattern in response to depolarizing current. Using voltage-clamp analysis we further characterized the primary active currents that shaped the physiological properties of these distinct cell types, including I<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>, I<jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>, I<jats:sub>K(IR)<\/jats:sub>, the voltage-dependent potassium current I<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>, and the persistent sodium current I<jats:sub>NaP<\/jats:sub>. The functional relevance of each cell type is discussed in relation to prior anatomical studies, as well as how these currents may interact to modulate neuronal activity within the BNST<jats:sub>ALG<\/jats:sub>. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00382.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,31]],"date-time":"2007-05-31T00:49:17Z","timestamp":1180572557000},"page":"638-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Differential Expression of Intrinsic Membrane Currents in Defined Cell Types of the Anterolateral Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Sayamwong E.","family":"Hammack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irakli","family":"Mania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald G.","family":"Rainnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(89)90427-5"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/315501a0"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00455-3"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alheid GF. Extended amygdala and basal forebrain. Ann NY Acad Sci 985: 185\u2013205, 2003.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07082.x"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90217-5"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/342175a0"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.027698"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4488-03.2004"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90013-2"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00588.2005"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90026-4"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aston-Jones G, Harris GC. Brain substrates for increased drug seeking during protracted withdrawal. Neuropharmacology 47, Suppl. 1: 167\u2013179, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.06.020"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.01.008"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-22-07151.1996"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)81086-2"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06380.2002"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0507p.x"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-16-06846.2002"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(91)90069-V"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90746-V"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(93)90112-G"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.521"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.117.5.491"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.58.030196.002025"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90517-8"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90799-H"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10235"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2650-05.2005"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.2.869"},{"key":"R30","unstructured":"De Olmos JS, Alheid GF, Beltramino CA. Amygdala. In: The Rat Nervous System: Forebrain and Midbrain, edited by Paxinos G. New York: Academic Press, 1985, vol. 1, p. 223."},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00079-0"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0425-04.2004"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300639"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00228.2003"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erb S, Stewart J. A role for the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but not the amygdala, in the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. J Neurosci 19: RC35, 1999.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-20-j0006.1999"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/319220a0"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.4.1291"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00220-X"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-09-02812.1991"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-05173.2002"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.871"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.1.75"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(92)90074-D"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.10"},{"key":"R45","unstructured":"Hammack SE, Guo J, Hazra R, Rainnie DG. Subthreshold intrinsic membrane currents actively modulate the firing properties of neurons in the anterolateral group of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Proc Soc Neurosci, Atlanta, GA, 2006."},{"key":"R46","unstructured":"Hammack SE, Haensly JW, Rainnie DG. Activation of 5-HT7 receptors mediates a depolarizing response in a subset of neurons in the anterolateral cell group of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Proc Soc Neurosci, Washington, DC, 2005."},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.2.443"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/10147"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01088.2005"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00618-9"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362031a0"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20444"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00615.2001"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91078-U"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.47.11"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.118.5.1052"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902800410"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(91)90009-N"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-11-03559.1996"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00849.x"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20185"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21011"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00900-7"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77134-1"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.5.8817"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.06.037"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00166.2006"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.5.2309"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31255"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586670"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.4.1843"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-07-02268.2001"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018331"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90082-5"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502696200"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(00)00155-8"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.062"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.9.3022"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00944-3"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09271.x"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.59.1.171"},{"key":"R82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-06-04449.1995"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2002"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00382-1"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00833.x"},{"key":"R86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01325.2004"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3229-06.2006"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09304.x"},{"key":"R89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5740-03.2004"},{"key":"R90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.065"},{"key":"R91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)90686-6"},{"key":"R92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142734"},{"key":"R93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90033-4"},{"key":"R94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.2.273"},{"key":"R95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-14-05264.2000"},{"key":"R96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81434-8"},{"key":"R97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00168-9"},{"key":"R98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.2.1081"},{"key":"R99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90259-5"},{"key":"R100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(01)00305-4"},{"key":"R101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.53.1.153"},{"key":"R102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020044"},{"key":"R103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903300308"},{"key":"R104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012883"},{"key":"R105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-01895.1999"},{"key":"R106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(96)01388-9"},{"key":"R107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00242.x"},{"key":"R108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0154-04.2004"},{"key":"R109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.7059"},{"key":"R110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199709080-00035"},{"key":"R111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-23-09375.1997"},{"key":"R112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01282-2"},{"key":"R113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.01.033"},{"key":"R114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90003-9"},{"key":"R115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1405-05.2005"},{"key":"R116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00636.2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00382.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T05:04:48Z","timestamp":1568005488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00382.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00382.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00382.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}}}