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At 4\u20136 wk postoperatively, the EAS guarding reflex showed a significantly reduced EMG response duration of 47\u2009\u00b1\u200915 s and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.198\u2009\u00b1\u20090.097 mV\u00b7s compared with the corresponding evoked EAS EMG duration of 102\u2009\u00b1\u200919 s and AUC of 0.803\u2009\u00b1\u20090.225 mV\u00b7s ( P &lt; 0.05) in the control group. Detailed time- and frequency-domain analysis of the evoked EAS EMG responses for the first 40 s showed no difference between groups for the maximum amplitude but a significant decrease for the mean amplitude across the study period and an early AUC reduction for the first 10 s in the VRA injury group. Time-frequency analysis and power spectrum plots indicated decreased intensity and a narrower midrange of frequencies in the VRA injury group. We conclude that the EAS guarding reflex in rhesus macaques shows characteristic EMG features in control subjects and signs of partial target denervation after a unilateral L6\u2013S3 VRA injury.<\/jats:p><jats:p>NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY The external anal sphincter guarding reflex showed initial large-amplitude peaks and a gradual return to a quiescent baseline after a rectal probe stimulus in rhesus macaques. At 4\u20136 wk after a unilateral ventral root avulsion (VRA) injury, the electromyography duration, mean amplitude, and area under the curve measurements were decreased. Time-frequency analysis and power spectrum plots indicated decreased intensity and a narrowed midrange of frequencies in the VRA injury cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00435.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T17:16:05Z","timestamp":1533748565000},"page":"2710-2718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["EMG characteristics of the external anal sphincter guarding reflex and effects of a unilateral ventral root avulsion injury in rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyi H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Una","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section 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