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Our first major finding is that stiffness of utricular hair bundles varies systematically with macular locus. Stiffness values are highest in the striola, near the line of hair bundle polarity reversal, and decline exponentially toward the medial extrastriola. Striolar bundles are significantly more stiff than those in medial (median: 8.9 \u03bcN\/m) and lateral (2.0 \u03bcN\/m) extrastriolae. Within the striola, bundle stiffness is greatest in zone 2 (106.4 \u03bcN\/m), a band of type II hair cells, and significantly less in zone 3 (30.6 \u03bcN\/m), which contains the only type I hair cells in the macula. Bathing bundles in media that break interciliary links produced changes in bundle stiffness with predictable time course and magnitude, suggesting that links were intact in our standard media and contributed normally to bundle stiffness during measurements. Our second major finding is that bundle structure is a significant predictor of steady-state stiffness: the heights of kinocilia and the tallest stereocilia are the most important determinants of bundle stiffness. Our results suggest 1) a functional interpretation of bundle height variability in vertebrate vestibular organs, 2) a role for the striola in detecting onset of head movement, and 3) the hypothesis that differences in bundle stiffness contribute to diversity in afferent response dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00469.2011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]],"date-time":"2011-09-15T07:36:17Z","timestamp":1316072177000},"page":"2950-2963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Steady-state stiffness of utricular hair cells depends on macular location and hair bundle structure"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Corrie","family":"Spoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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