{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:20:31Z","timestamp":1790889631057,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Corneal nociceptors terminate at the trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris\/caudalis (Vi\/Vc) transition and subnucleus caudalis\/upper cervical spinal cord (Vc\/C1) junction regions of the lower brain stem. The aims of this study were to determine if local GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor activation modifies corneal input to second-order neurons at these regions and if GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor activation in one region affects corneal input to the other region. In barbiturate-anesthetized male rats, corneal nociceptors were excited by pulses of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>gas, and GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors were activated by microinjections of the selective agonist muscimol. Local muscimol injection at the site of recording inhibited all Vi\/Vc and Vc\/C1 units tested and was reversed partially by bicuculline. To test for ascending intersubnuclear communication, muscimol injection into the caudal Vc\/C1 junction, remote from the recording site at the Vi\/Vc transition, inhibited the evoked response of most corneal units, although some neurons were enhanced. Injection of the nonselective synaptic blocking agent, CoCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, remotely into the Vc\/C1 region inhibited the evoked response of all Vi\/Vc units tested. To test for descending intersubnuclear communication, muscimol was injected remotely into the rostral Vi\/Vc transition and enhanced the evoked activity of all corneal units tested at the caudal Vc\/C1 junction. These results suggest that GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor mechanisms play a significant role in corneal nociceptive processing by second-order trigeminal brain stem neurons. GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor mechanisms act locally at both the Vi\/Vc transition and Vc\/C1 junction regions to inhibit corneal input and act through polysynaptic pathways to modify corneal input at multiple levels of the trigeminal brain stem complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00544.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,31]],"date-time":"2006-05-31T06:01:10Z","timestamp":1149055270000},"page":"2837-2849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["GABA<sub>A<\/sub>Receptor Activation Modulates Corneal Unit Activity in Rostral and Caudal Portions of Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Harumitsu","family":"Hirata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichiro","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bereiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"REF1","unstructured":"Acosta MC, Tan ME, Belmonte C, and Gallar J.Sensations evoked by selective mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation of the conjunctiva and cornea.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci42: 2063\u20132067, 2001."},{"key":"REF2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00063-2"},{"key":"REF3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00143-7"},{"key":"REF4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(96)00027-4"},{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00541-6"},{"key":"REF6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00434-6"},{"key":"REF7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050814"},{"key":"REF8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00079.2001"},{"key":"REF9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00944.2001"},{"key":"REF10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2154"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02295.1997"},{"key":"REF12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03529.1998"},{"key":"REF13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90035-3"},{"key":"REF14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890060408"},{"key":"REF15","unstructured":"Fragen RJand Avram MJ.Barbituates. 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