{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:10:08Z","timestamp":1788876608732,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009105","name":"Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMI10001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMI10001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.physiology.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the perception thresholds of four types of sensations\u2014warmth, heat, tingling, and pain\u2014when the fingertip was exposed to 28 GHz millimeter waves. The results showed that the perception thresholds followed the order of warmth, heat, tingling, and pain, with the threshold skin temperature for pain at 41.9\u00b0C. Notably, females exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to pain than males. These findings provide further evidence supporting the need for protection from millimeter-wave exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00554.2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:02:59Z","timestamp":1786986179000},"page":"1196-1203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/aps-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pain threshold induced by local exposure to millimeter waves on human skin"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1808-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Yuasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujita Health University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6255-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7919-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuki","family":"Ushizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujita Health University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6595-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachiko","family":"Kodera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akimasa","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Otaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujita Health University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMW.2020.3035541"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz. IEEE Std C95.1-2019 (Revision of IEEE Std C95.1-2005\/Incorporates IEEE Std C95.1-2019\/Cor 1-2019): 1\u2013312, 2019. doi:10.1109\/IEEESTD.2019.8859679.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEESTD.2019.8859679"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2954823"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001210"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0265673031000119006"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ajp.0000154048.68273.d8"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200003000-00003"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845692261.3.560"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24179"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001944"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000001447"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4707.2017"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker JE, Eggers JS, Tobin PE. Thermal injury in human subjects due to 94-GHz radio frequency radiation exposures, 2016. Report No. AFRL-RH-FS-TR-2016-0001. https:\/\/dtic.minsky.ai\/document\/nuclear-pen-visual?documentsOffset=20&sort=relevance&nodes=org%2Cperson%2Ctag&pdf=true.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA631765"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1145505"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3784"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/CPHY.C150040"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2017.10.015"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1331416"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2883733"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325735"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114126"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.70002"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24051516"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa5f21"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1045942"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1984.51.2.325"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.2024.3483168"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2825-y"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2008.12.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00554.2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:41:00Z","timestamp":1788874860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00554.2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00554.2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00554.2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}