{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:12:22Z","timestamp":1790763142402,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"NIH-NIDCD","award":["DC008120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DC008120"]}]},{"name":"NIH-NIDCD ARRA","award":["DC-008120-05S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DC-008120-05S1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The coding of sound level by ensembles of neurons improves the accuracy with which listeners identify how loud a sound is. In the auditory system, the rate at which neurons fire in response to changes in sound level is shaped by local networks. Voltage-gated conductances alter local output by regulating neuronal firing, but their role in modulating responses to sound level is unclear. We tested the effects of L-type calcium channels (Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>: Ca<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>1.1\u20131.4) on sound-level coding in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) in the auditory midbrain. We characterized the contribution of Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> to the total calcium current in brain slices and then examined its effects on rate-level functions (RLFs) in vivo using single-unit recordings in awake mice. Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> is a high-threshold current and comprises \u223c50% of the total calcium current in ICC neurons. In vivo, Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> activates at sound levels that evoke high firing rates. In RLFs that increase monotonically with sound level, Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> boosts spike rates at high sound levels and increases the maximum firing rate achieved. In different populations of RLFs that change nonmonotonically with sound level, Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> either suppresses or enhances firing at sound levels that evoke maximum firing. Ca<jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> multiplies the gain of monotonic RLFs with dynamic range and divides the gain of nonmonotonic RLFs with the width of the RLF. These results suggest that a single broad class of calcium channels activates enhancing and suppressing local circuits to regulate the sensitivity of neuronal populations to sound level. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00657.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T23:09:05Z","timestamp":1473289745000},"page":"2550-2563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["L-type calcium channels refine the neural population code of sound level"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Calum Alex","family":"Grimsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Brian","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, 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