{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:57:04Z","timestamp":1789171024641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-14-1-0625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-14-1-0625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS054025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS054025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS080180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS080180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State of Florida Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Trust Fund"},{"name":"NIH Neuromuscular Plasticity Research Training Pre-Doctoral Fellowship","award":["T32 HD043730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD043730"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) using implanted electrodes can evoke locomotor movements after spinal cord injury (SCI) but has not been explored in the context of respiratory motor output. An advantage over epidural and direct muscle stimulation is the potential of ISMS to selectively stimulate components of the spinal respiratory network. The present study tested the hypothesis that medullary respiratory activity could be used to trigger midcervical ISMS and diaphragm motor unit activation in rats with cervical SCI. Studies were conducted after acute (hours) and subacute (5\u201321 days) C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> hemisection (C2Hx) injury in adult rats. Inspiratory bursting in the genioglossus (tongue) muscle was used to trigger a 250-ms train stimulus (100 Hz, 100\u2013200 \u03bcA) to the ventral C<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> spinal cord, targeting the phrenic motor nucleus. After both acute and subacute injury, genioglossus EMG activity effectively triggered ISMS and activated diaphragm motor units during the inspiratory phase. The ISMS paradigm also evoked short-term potentiation of spontaneous inspiratory activity in the previously paralyzed hemidiaphragm (i.e., bursting persisting beyond the stimulus period) in \u223c70% of the C2Hx animals. We conclude that medullary inspiratory output can be used to trigger cervical ISMS and diaphragm activity after SCI. Further refinement of this method may enable \u201cclosed-loop-like\u201d ISMS approaches to sustain ventilation after severe SCI. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY We examined the feasibility of using intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) of the cervical spinal cord to evoke diaphragm activity ipsilateral to acute and subacute hemisection of the upper cervical spinal cord of the rat. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the efficacy of diaphragm activation, using an upper airway respiratory EMG signal to trigger ISMS at the level of the ipsilesional phrenic nucleus during acute and advanced postinjury intervals. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00721.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T22:30:52Z","timestamp":1479940252000},"page":"767-776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Intraspinal microstimulation and diaphragm activation after cervical spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"L. M.","family":"Mercier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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