{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1762161183296,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR057194","AR063228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR057194","AR063228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE021183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE021183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AR059402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR059402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007207","name":"Toray Industries","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in nonhistaminergic itch. Here we used electrophysiological methods to investigate whether mouse superficial dorsal horn neurons respond to intradermal (id) injection of ET-1 and whether ET-1-sensitive neurons additionally respond to other pruritic and algesic stimuli or spinal superfusion of bombesin, a homolog of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) that excites spinal itch-signaling neurons. Single-unit recordings were made from lumbar dorsal horn neurons in pentobarbital-anesthetized C57BL\/6 mice. We searched for units that exhibited elevated firing after id injection of ET-1 (1 \u03bcg\/\u03bcl). Responsive units were further tested with mechanical stimuli, bombesin (spinal superfusion, 200 \u03bcg\u00b7ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), heating, cooling, and additional chemicals [histamine, chloroquine, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), capsaicin]. Of 40 ET-1-responsive units, 48% responded to brush and pinch [wide dynamic range (WDR)] and 52% to pinch only [high threshold (HT)]. Ninety-three percent responded to noxious heat, 50% to cooling, and &gt;70% to histamine, chloroquine, AITC, and capsaicin. Fifty-seven percent responded to bombesin, suggesting that they participate in spinal itch transmission. That most ET-1-sensitive spinal neurons also responded to pruritic and algesic stimuli is consistent with previous studies of pruritogen-responsive dorsal horn neurons. We previously hypothesized that pruritogen-sensitive neurons signal itch. The observation that ET-1 activates nociceptive neurons suggests that both itch and pain signals may be generated by ET-1 to result in simultaneous sensations of itch and pain, consistent with observations that ET-1 elicits both itch- and pain-related behaviors in animals and burning itch sensations in humans. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00723.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T01:50:19Z","timestamp":1440640219000},"page":"2528-2534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intradermal endothelin-1 excites bombesin-responsive superficial dorsal horn neurons in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nagamine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Iodi Carstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cevikbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology and Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Carstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, 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