{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:13:14Z","timestamp":1791299594023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the mature brain, the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>cotransporter KCC2 is important in maintaining low [Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>, resulting in hyperpolarizing GABA responses. Decreases in KCC2 after neuronal injuries result in increases in [Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>and enhanced neuronal excitability due to depolarizing GABA responses. We used the gramicidin perforated-patch technique to measure E<jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>(\u223c E<jats:sub>GABA<\/jats:sub>) in layer V pyramidal neurons in slices of partially isolated sensorimotor cortex of adult rats to explore the potential functional consequence of KCC2 downregulation in chronically injured cortex. E<jats:sub>GABA<\/jats:sub>was measured by recording currents evoked with brief GABA puffs at various membrane potentials. There was no significant difference in E<jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>between neurons in control and undercut animals (\u201371.2 \u00b1 2.6 and \u201371.8 \u00b1 2.8 mV, respectively). However, when loaded with Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>by applying muscimol puffs at 0.2 Hz for 60 s, neurons in the undercut cortex had a significantly shorter time constant for the positive shift in E<jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>during the Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>loading phase (4.3 \u00b1 0.5 s for control and 2.2 \u00b1 0.4 s for undercut, P &lt; 0.01). The positive shift in E<jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>3 s after the beginning of Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>loading was also significantly larger in the undercut group than in the control, indicating that neurons in undercut cortex were less effective in maintaining low [Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>during repetitive activation of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors. Application of furosemide eliminated the difference between the control and undercut groups for both of these measures of [Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>regulation. 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