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Given the statistical regularities present in natural motion, the brain may have acquired compensatory mechanisms to minimize the mismatch between the perceived and real positions of moving objects. A well-known visual illusion\u2014the flash lag effect\u2014points toward such a possibility. Although many psychophysical models have been suggested to explain this illusion, their predictions have not been tested at the neural level, particularly in a species of animal known to perceive the illusion. To this end, we recorded neural responses to flashed and moving bars from primary visual cortex (V1) of awake, fixating macaque monkeys. We found that the response latency to moving bars of varying speed, motion direction, and luminance was shorter than that to flashes, in a manner that is consistent with psychophysical results. At the level of V1, our results support the differential latency model positing that flashed and moving bars have different latencies. As we found a neural correlate of the illusion in passively fixating monkeys, our results also suggest that judging the instantaneous position of the moving bar at the time of flash\u2014as required by the postdiction\/motion-biasing model\u2014may not be necessary for observing a neural correlate of the illusion. Our results also suggest that the brain may have evolved mechanisms to process moving stimuli faster and closer to real time compared with briefly appearing stationary stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY We report several observations in awake macaque V1 that provide support for the differential latency model of the flash lag illusion. We find that the equal latency of flash and moving stimuli as assumed by motion integration\/postdiction models does not hold in V1. We show that in macaque V1, motion processing latency depends on stimulus luminance, speed and motion direction in a manner consistent with several psychophysical properties of the flash lag illusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00792.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,22]],"date-time":"2018-08-22T14:03:00Z","timestamp":1534946580000},"page":"2430-2452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Faster processing of moving compared with flashed bars in awake macaque V1 provides a neural correlate of the flash lag illusion"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manivannan","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2392-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Ecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"},{"name":"Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumil S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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