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There is a continuing need to develop nondopaminergic approaches to treat Parkinsonism. One such approach is to use medications that normalize dopamine depletion-related firing abnormalities in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. In this study, we assessed the potential of a specific T-type calcium channel blocker (ML218) to eliminate pathologic burst patterns of firing in the basal ganglia-receiving territory of the motor thalamus in Parkinsonian monkeys. We also carried out an anatomical study, demonstrating that the immunoreactivity for T-type calcium channels is strongly expressed in the motor thalamus in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkeys. At the electron microscopic level, dendrites accounted for &gt;90% of all tissue elements that were immunoreactive for voltage-gated calcium channel, type 3.2-containing T-type calcium channels in normal and Parkinsonian monkeys. Subsequent in vivo electrophysiologic studies in awake MPTP-treated Parkinsonian monkeys demonstrated that intrathalamic microinjections of ML218 (0.5 \u03bcl of a 2.5-mM solution, injected at 0.1\u20130.2 \u03bcl\/min) partially normalized the thalamic activity by reducing the proportion of rebound bursts and increasing the proportion of spikes in non-rebound bursts. The drug also attenuated oscillatory activity in the 3\u201313-Hz frequency range and increased gamma frequency oscillations. However, ML218 did not normalize Parkinsonism-related changes in firing rates and oscillatory activity in the beta frequency range. Whereas the described changes are promising, a more complete assessment of the cellular and behavioral effects of ML218 (or similar drugs) is needed for a full appraisal of their anti-Parkinsonian potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00858.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T04:22:51Z","timestamp":1446697371000},"page":"470-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anatomical localization of Ca<sub>v<\/sub>3.1 calcium channels and electrophysiological effects of T-type calcium channel blockade in the motor thalamus of MPTP-treated monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Annaelle","family":"Devergnas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"},{"name":"Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, 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