{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:13:12Z","timestamp":1787616792686,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5SDG25080095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5SDG25080095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["HL130339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL130339"]}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["HL083947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL083947"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002790","name":"Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> To study how changes in baroreceptor afferent activity affect patterns of sympathetic neural activation, we manipulated arterial blood pressure with intravenous nitroprusside (NTP) and phenylephrine (PE) and measured action potential (AP) patterns with wavelet-based methodology. We hypothesized that 1) baroreflex unloading (NTP) would increase firing of low-threshold axons and recruitment of latent axons and 2) baroreflex loading (PE) would decrease firing of low-threshold axons. Heart rate (HR, ECG), arterial blood pressure (BP, brachial catheter), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography of peroneal nerve) were measured at baseline and during steady-state systemic, intravenous NTP (0.5\u20131.2 \u00b5g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, n = 13) or PE (0.2\u20131.0 \u00b5g\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, n = 9) infusion. BP decreased and HR and integrated MSNA increased with NTP ( P &lt; 0.01). AP incidence (326\u2009\u00b1\u200966 to 579\u2009\u00b1\u2009129 APs\/100 heartbeats) and AP content per integrated burst (8\u2009\u00b1\u20091 to 11\u2009\u00b1\u20092 APs\/burst) increased with NTP ( P &lt; 0.05). The firing probability of low-threshold axons increased with NTP, and recruitment of high-threshold axons was observed (22\u2009\u00b1\u20093 to 24\u2009\u00b1\u20093 max cluster number, 9\u2009\u00b1\u20091 to 11\u2009\u00b1\u20091 clusters\/burst; P &lt; 0.05). BP increased and HR and integrated MSNA decreased with PE ( P &lt; 0.05). PE decreased AP incidence (406\u2009\u00b1\u2009128 to 166\u2009\u00b1\u200942 APs\/100 heartbeats) and resulted in fewer unique clusters (15\u2009\u00b1\u20092 to 9\u2009\u00b1\u20091 max cluster number, P &lt; 0.05); components of an integrated burst (APs or clusters per burst) were not altered ( P &gt; 0.05). These data support a hierarchical pattern of sympathetic neural activation during manipulation of baroreceptor afferent activity, with rate coding of active neurons playing the predominant role and recruitment\/derecruitment of higher-threshold units occurring with steady-state hypotensive stress. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY To study how changes in baroreceptor afferent activity affect patterns of sympathetic neural activation, we manipulated arterial blood pressure with intravenous nitroprusside and phenylephrine and measured sympathetic outflow with wavelet-based methodology. Baroreflex unloading increased sympathetic activity by increasing firing probability of low-threshold axons (rate coding) and recruiting new populations of high-threshold axons. Baroreflex loading decreased sympathetic activity by decreasing the firing probability of larger axons (derecruitment); however, the components of an integrated burst were unaffected. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00935.2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T11:31:41Z","timestamp":1519817501000},"page":"2166-2175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pharmacological assessment of the contribution of the arterial baroreflex to sympathetic discharge patterns in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline K.","family":"Limberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth P.","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter W.","family":"Holbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne T.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Joyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Kevin","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1929.sp002557"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00381.2017"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00334.2016"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00360.2016"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00077.2015"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010667"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00195.2002"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.03.007"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199001000-00004"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(87)90018-X"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.2.423"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1798-z"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.11.3206"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200409000-00019"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.69.4.887"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2005.01392.x"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.126.3287.1345"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.3.599"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.108662"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0861h.x"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.205351"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.2003.01078.x"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.293aa.x"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020482"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2009"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.5.H1691"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.08.035"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00814.2010"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6091757"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00925.2011"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/66.3.605"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.24.1.109"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.05.002"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.195941"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1979.59.4.919"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020025"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.141739"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100326"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.00935.2017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T20:56:14Z","timestamp":1567976174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.00935.2017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.00935.2017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00935.2017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}}}