{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:52:11Z","timestamp":1790275931889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de recherche en sant\u00e9 du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRN 74633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 74633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G\u00e9nie du Canada)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research - Neuromuscular Partnership"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Motoneurons derived from embryonic stem cells can be transplanted in the tibial nerve, where they extend axons to functionally innervate target muscle. Here, we studied spontaneous muscle contractions in these grafts 3 mo following transplantation. One-half of the transplanted grafts generated rhythmic muscle contractions of variable patterns, either spontaneously or in response to brief electrical stimulation. Activity generated by transplanted embryonic stem cell-derived neurons was driven by glutamate and was modulated by muscarinic and GABAergic\/glycinergic transmission. Furthermore, rhythmicity was promoted by the same transmitter combination that evokes rhythmic locomotor activity in spinal cord circuits. These results demonstrate that there is a degree of self-assembly of microcircuits in these peripheral grafts involving embryonic stem cell-derived motoneurons and interneurons. Such spontaneous activity is reminiscent of embryonic circuit development in which spontaneous activity is essential for proper connectivity and function and may be necessary for the grafts to form functional connections with muscle. <\/jats:p><jats:p> NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY This manuscript demonstrates that, following peripheral transplantation of neurons derived from embryonic stem cells, the grafts are spontaneously active. The activity is produced and modulated by a number of transmitter systems, indicating that there is a degree of self-assembly of circuits in the grafts. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00943.2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T20:25:19Z","timestamp":1485980719000},"page":"1683-1689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microcircuit formation following transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons in peripheral nerve"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Philippe","family":"Magown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor F.","family":"Rafuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; 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