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Overall, neither sound level nor duration had a notable effect on localization accuracy in azimuth, except at near-threshold levels. In contrast, localization accuracy in elevation improved as sound duration increased, and sound level also had a large effect on localization in elevation. For short-duration noise, the performance peaked at intermediate levels and deteriorated at low and high levels; for long-duration noise, this \u201cnegative level effect\u201d at high levels was not observed. Simulations based on an auditory nerve model were used to explain the above observations and to test several hypotheses. Our results indicated that neither the flatness of sound spectrum (before the sound reaches the inner ear) nor the peripheral adaptation influences spectral coding at the periphery for localization in elevation, whereas neural computation that relies on \u201cmultiple looks\u201d of the spectral analysis is critical in explaining the effect of sound duration, but not level. The release of negative level effect observed for long-duration sound could not be explained at the periphery and, therefore, is likely a result of processing at higher centers. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01019.2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,9]],"date-time":"2013-05-09T00:36:15Z","timestamp":1368059775000},"page":"607-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Behavioral and modeling studies of sound localization in cats: effects of stimulus level and duration"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Gai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Ruhland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom C. 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