{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:28:55Z","timestamp":1791044935191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"\n Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are photoreceptors of the mammalian eye that drive pupillary responses, synchronization of circadian rhythms, and other reflexive responses to daylight. Melanopsin is the ipRGC photopigment, but the signaling cascade through which this invertebrate-like opsin triggers the photocurrent in these cells is unknown. Here, using patch-clamp recordings from dissociated ipRGCs in culture, we show that a membrane-associated phosphoinositide cascade lies at the heart of the ipRGC phototransduction mechanism, similar to the cascade in rhabdomeric photoreceptors of invertebrate eyes. When ipRGCs were illuminated, melanopsin activated a G protein of the G\n q\/11<\/jats:sub>\n class, stimulating the effector enzyme phospholipase C. The presence of these signaling components in ipRGCs was confirmed by single-cell RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The photoresponse was fully functional in excised inside-out patches of ipRGC membrane, indicating that all core signaling components are within or tightly coupled to the plasma membrane. The striking similarity of phototransduction in ipRGCs and invertebrate rhabdomeric photoreceptors reinforces the emerging view that these cells have a common evolutionary origin.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01066.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T21:00:12Z","timestamp":1204146012000},"page":"2522-2532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Melanopsin Ganglion Cells Use a Membrane-Associated Rhabdomeric Phototransduction Cascade"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Dustin M.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwoon Y.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik","family":"Pattabiraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Berson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Arendt D\n .\n Evolution of eyes and photoreceptor cell types.\n Int J Dev Biol\n 47\n : 563\u2013571, 2003."},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00130-9"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-007-0242-2"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067262"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16703"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6133fje"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00046-4"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800176102"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.06.073"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(03)00051-4"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2005.07.005"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093002"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069609"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(03)00051-2"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200509309"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409252102"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003127"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kano M\n , Hashimoto K, Watanabe M, Kurihara H, Offermanns S, Jiang H, Wu Y, Jun K, Shin HS, Inoue Y, Simon MI, Wu D.\n Phospholipase cbeta4 is specifically involved in climbing fiber synapse elimination in the developing cerebellum.\n Proc Natl Acad Sci USA\n 26\n : 15724\u201315729, 1998.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.26.15724"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.04.063"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee CW\n , Park DJ, Lee KH, Kim CG, Rhee SG.\n Purification, molecular cloning, and sequencing of phospholipase C-beta 4.\n J Biol Chem\n 268\n : 21318\u201321327, 1993.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36926-1"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.06.007"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077293"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007524200"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03344"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90172-8"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.040204.100939"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730407306043"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035418z"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.3.485"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105121"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71031251.x"},{"key":"R31A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.07.045"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.07.001"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00600.2000"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03345"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4716-06.2007"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131163"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04777.x"},{"key":"R37A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10049"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b504418a"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.11.016"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.133751"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.01066.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T19:05:59Z","timestamp":1630782359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.01066.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.01066.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.01066.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}