{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:12:14Z","timestamp":1791328334418,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    GABAergic interneurons are positioned to powerfully influence the dynamics of neural activity, yet the interneuron-mediated circuit mechanisms that control spontaneous and evoked neocortical activity remains elusive. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP+) interneurons are a specialized cell class which synapse specifically on other interneurons, potentially serving to facilitate increases in cortical activity. In this study, using in vivo Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    imaging, we describe the interaction between local network activity and VIP+ cells and determine their role in modulating neocortical activity in mouse visual cortex. VIP+ cells were active across brain states including locomotion, nonlocomotion, visual stimulation, and under anesthesia. VIP+ activity correlated most clearly with the mean level of population activity of nearby excitatory neurons during all brain states, suggesting VIP+ cells enable high-excitability states in the cortex. The pharmacogenetic blockade of VIP+ cell output reduced network activity during locomotion, nonlocomotion, anesthesia, and visual stimulation, suggesting VIP+ cells exert a state-independent facilitation of neural activity in the cortex. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that VIP+ neurons have a causal role in the generation of high-activity regimes during spontaneous and stimulus evoked neocortical activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01124.2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T23:24:41Z","timestamp":1457565881000},"page":"3008-3017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["VIP+ interneurons control neocortical activity across brain states"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Jesse","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inbal","family":"Ayzenshtat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh 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