{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:09:06Z","timestamp":1791158946051,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> To understand the precise microarchitecture of the cortical circuitry, it is crucial to know the distribution of synaptic connections and their synaptic strengths at the level of a single cell, rather than a group of cells. Here, we describe a new application of two-photon photolysis of caged glutamate that enabled us to induce an action potential in only a small number (about five) of pyramidal neurons by increasing the volume of two-photon excitation by reducing the effective numerical aperture of the objective. We performed whole cell patch-clamp recordings from layer 2\/3 pyramidal neurons in the rat visual cortex and stimulated many neurons in a large three-dimensional space (\u223c600 \u00d7 600 \u00d7 100 \u03bcm) including neurons in layers 2\/3 and 4 using this new technique. We mapped the density and amplitude of unitary excitatory postsynaptic currents and found that the basic microarchitecture of excitatory synaptic connections consists of two regions: a columnar, dense core region with a radius of 150 \u03bcm and an outer, sparse region. The dense core region includes the majority of strong synaptic connections in layer 2\/3. Our results reveal the columnar organization of synaptic connectivity in the rat visual cortex, where functional columns have not been clearly demonstrated. Thus this technique will be a uniquely powerful tool for quantifying synaptic connectivity and manipulating neural activity at the single-cell level. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01127.2007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T02:00:08Z","timestamp":1201140008000},"page":"1535-1544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Three-Dimensional Mapping of Unitary Synaptic Connections by Two-Photon Macro Photolysis of Caged Glutamate"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Masanori","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham C. R.","family":"Ellis-Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608755103"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.03.005"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608492103"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902790202"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7661"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.013"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/76656"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-10-04046.1999"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1519-07.2007"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90210-0"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012959"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90040-6"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.015"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.1.301"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth818"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10056"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.044784"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006837"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00102-8"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093173"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407088102"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90194-5"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/3.2.148"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn736"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02617"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(97)00021-4"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1957.20.4.408"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1105"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03274"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902340208"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902380303"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-07-02961.2003"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00152-1"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1447"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth793"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12569-6"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.036376"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1221-05.2005"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4256-04.2005"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.9.936"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700384104"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.01.033"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03252"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1152\/jn.01127.2007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T05:02:34Z","timestamp":1568005354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.physiology.org\/doi\/10.1152\/jn.01127.2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1152\/jn.01127.2007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.01127.2007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3077","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-1598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}