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When EMG remained in a specified range, nerve stimulation just above the M response threshold elicited the H-reflex. In control mode, no reward occurred. In conditioning mode, reward occurred if H-reflex size was above (HRup mode) or below (HRdown mode) a criterion value. After exposure to the control mode for \u226510 days, each rat was exposed for another 50 days to the control mode, the HRup mode, or the HRdown mode. In control and HRup rats, final H-reflex size was not significantly different from initial H-reflex size. In contrast, in HRdown rats, final H-reflex size was significantly increased to an average of 136% of initial size. Thus like recent CST transection, cSMC ablation greatly impaired up-conditioning. However, unlike recent CST transection, cSMC produced a paradoxical response to down-conditioning: the H-reflex actually increased. These results confirm the critical role of cSMC in H-reflex conditioning and suggest that this role extends beyond producing essential CST activity. Its interactions with ipsilateral SMC or other areas contribute to the complex pattern of spinal and supraspinal plasticity that underlies H-reflex conditioning. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01271.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,6]],"date-time":"2006-04-06T13:57:18Z","timestamp":1144331838000},"page":"119-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Sensorimotor Cortex Ablation Prevents H-Reflex Up-Conditioning and Causes a Paradoxical Response to Down-Conditioning in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Xiang Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Carp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Wolpaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90427-B"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.5.3147"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(98)80124-4"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown WF. 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