{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:02:19Z","timestamp":1759683739621,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lancel, Marike, Johannes Faulhaber, Thomas Schiffelholz, Stefan Mathias, and Rudolf A. Deisz. Muscimol and midazolam do not potentiate each other's effects on sleep EEG in the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1624\u20131629, 1997. The interaction of a \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>) receptor agonist and a benzodiazepine-type modulator of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors on sleep was investigated. Low doses of muscimol (0.3 mg\/kg) and the benzodiazepine midazolam (1.5 mg\/kg) were administered alone and incombination, in random order, to eight rats. All injections were given intraperitoneally at light onset. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram were recorded during the first 6 h post injection. Compared with vehicle, muscimol hardly affected the time spent in non-rapid eye movement sleep (non-REMS) and REMS, but significantly enhanced EEG activity in the frequency range between 2 and 6 Hz during non-REMS. Midazolam significantly increased the time spent in non-REMS, reduced EEG activity at frequencies &lt;12 Hz, and elevated EEG activity in most higher frequencies during this state. The combined administration of muscimol and midazolam affected non-REMS-specific EEG activity in an unexpected fashion: the effects were intermediate between those of muscimol and midazolam. These results indicate that muscimol and midazolam have dissimilar effects on EEG within non-REMS and demonstrate that midazolam does not augment but attenuates the muscimol-induced changes in sleep EEG. Our data are at variance with established mechanisms, according to which agonistic modulators would have similar effects and should potentiate the effects of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>agonists. The present data suggest that application of agonists and agonistic modulators of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors causes differential net effects on sleep parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.3.1624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T00:48:16Z","timestamp":1514162896000},"page":"1624-1629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Muscimol and Midazolam Do Not Potentiate Each Other's Effects on Sleep EEG in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Marike","family":"Lancel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Faulhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schiffelholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf A.","family":"Deisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute, 80804 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1380110"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(86)90319-X"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/229628a0"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"189","volume":"4","author":"Borb\u00e9ly A. 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