{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:58:37Z","timestamp":1792349917375,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Itazawa, Shun-Ichi, Tadashi Isa, and Seiji Ozawa. Inwardly rectifying and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-permeable AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels in rat neocortical neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2592\u20132605, 1997. Current-voltage ( I-V) relations and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> permeability of \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)type glutamate receptor channels were investigated in neurons of rat neocortex by using the whole cell patch-clamp technique in brain slices. To activate AMPA receptor channels, kainate was used as a nondesensitizing agonist. A patch pipette was filled with solution containing 100 \u03bcM spermine to maintain the inward rectification of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-permeable AMPA receptor channels. Three types of responses to kainate were observed: type I response with outwardly rectifying I-V relation, type II response with I-V relation of marked inward rectification, and intermediate response with I-V relation of weaker inward rectification. Neurons with type I, type II and intermediate I-V relations were referred to as type I, type II, and intermediate neurons, respectively. Of a total of 223 recorded cells, 90 (40.4%) were type I, 129 (57.8%) intermediate, and 4 (1.8%) type II neurons. Properties of AMPA receptor channels were examined in the former two types of neurons. The value of P<jats:sub>Ca<\/jats:sub>:P<jats:sub>Cs<\/jats:sub>, the ratio of the permeability coefficients of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, was estimated from the reversal potentials of kainate responses in the outside-out patches bathed in Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-free solution containing 100 mM Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> according to the constant-field equation. They ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 (0.08 \u00b1 0.02, mean \u00b1 SD, n = 8) for type I neurons and from 0.14 to 1.29 (0.60 \u00b1 0.37, n = 11) for the intermediate neurons. There was a close correlation between the inward rectification and the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> permeability in AMPA receptor channels in these neurons. Intermediate neurons stained with biocytin were nonpyramidal cells with ellipsoidal-shaped somata. Type I neurons had either triangular- or ellipsoidal-shaped somata. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded in both type I and intermediate neurons had 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione-sensitive fast and d\u22122-amino-5-phosphonovalerate-sensitiveslow components. The I-V relation of the fast component exhibited inward rectification in the intermediate neuron, whereas that in the type I neuron showed slight outward rectification. The fast component of EPSCs in the intermediate neuron was suppressed more prominently (to 56 \u00b1 15% of the control, n = 12) than that in the type I neuron (to 78 \u00b1 6% of the control, n = 6) by bath application of 1 mM spermine. These results indicate that inwardly rectifying and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-permeable AMPA receptor channels are expressed in a population of neurons of rat neocortex and are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.78.5.2592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T06:14:15Z","timestamp":1514182455000},"page":"2592-2601","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Inwardly Rectifying and Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>-Permeable AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Neocortical Neurons"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Shun-Ichi","family":"Itazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, The National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"24","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90279-8"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90049-7"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5242.1677"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90120-3"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03894.1997"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91335-8"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-10-04080.1992"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9298"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00580998"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90076-4"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381793a0"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp017980"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.000335"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(88)90114-8"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1653450"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90139-2"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018060"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199510010-00022"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199602290-00002"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021252"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80225-1"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90444-8"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020812"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02701.1996"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018510"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020813"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020737"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01570.1997"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90704-O"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(91)90101-4"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.1.2"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90220-L"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019148"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90093-2"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/367069a0"},{"key":"B36","first-page":"37","volume":"3","author":"Sutton K. 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