{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T17:35:46Z","timestamp":1681407346925},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Churchill, Dennis and Brian A. MacVicar. Biophysical and pharmacological characterization of voltage-dependent Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels in neurons isolated from rat nucleus accumbens. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 635\u2013647, 1998. The nucleus accumbens (NA) has an integrative role in behavior and may mediate addictive and psychotherapeutic drug action. Whole cell recording techniques were used to characterize electrophysiologically and pharmacologically high- and low-threshold voltage-dependent Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents in isolated NA neurons. High-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents, which were found in all neurons studied and include both sustained and inactivating components, activated at potentials greater than \u221250 mV and reached maximal activation at \u223c0 mV. In contrast, low-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents activated at voltages greater than \u221264 mV with maximal activation occurring at \u221230 mV. These were observed in 42% of acutely isolated neurons. Further pharmacological characterization of high-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents was attempted using nimodipine (Nim), \u03c9-conotoxin-GVIA (\u03c9-CgTx) and \u03c9-agatoxin-IVA (\u03c9Aga), which are thought to identify the L, N, and P\/Q subtypes of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents, respectively. Nim (5\u201310 \u03bcM) blocked 18%, \u03c9CgTx (1\u20132 \u03bcM) blocked 25%, and \u03c9Aga (200 nM) blocked 17% of total Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>current. Nim primarily blocked a sustained high-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>current in a partially reversible manner. In contrast, \u03c9CgTx irreversibly blocked both sustained and inactivating components. \u03c9Aga irreversibly blocked only a sustained component. In all three of these Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channel blockers, plus 5 \u03bcM \u03c9-conotoxin-MVIIC to eliminate a small unblocked Q-type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>current (7%), a toxin-resistant high-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>current remained that was 32% of total Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>current. This current inactivated much more rapidly than the other high-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents, was depressed in 50 \u03bcM Ni<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and reached maximal activation 5\u201310 mV negative to the toxin-sensitive high-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents. Thus NA neurons have multiple types of high-threshold Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>currents with a large component being the toxin-resistant \u201cR\u201d component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.2.635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T07:07:11Z","timestamp":1514185631000},"page":"635-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Biophysical and Pharmacological Characterization of Voltage-Dependent Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>Channels in Neurons Isolated From Rat Nucleus Accumbens"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Churchill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Macvicar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Group, Department 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