{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T12:01:36Z","timestamp":1759147296395,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Physiological Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glutamate regulates IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-type and CICR stores in the avian cochlear nucleus. Neurons of the avian cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), are activated by glutamate released from auditory nerve terminals. If this stimulation is removed, the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>) of NM neurons rises and rapid atrophic changes ensue. We have been investigating mechanisms that regulate [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>in these neurons based on the hypothesis that loss of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>homeostasis causes the cascade of cellular changes that results in neuronal atrophy and death. In the present study, video-enhanced fluorometry was used to monitor changes in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>stimulated by agents that mobilize Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>from intracellular stores and to study the modulation of these responses by glutamate. Homobromoibotenic acid (HBI) was used to stimulate inositol trisphosphate (IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)-sensitive stores, and caffeine was used to mobilize Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>from Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-induced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>release (CICR) stores. We provide data indicating that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>responses attributable to IP<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>- and CICR-sensitive stores are inhibited by glutamate, acting via a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). We also show that activation of C-kinase by a phorbol ester will reduce HBI-stimulated calcium responses. Although the protein kinase A accumulator, Sp-cAMPs, did not have an effect on HBI-induced responses. CICR-stimulated responses were not consistently attenuated by either the phorbol ester or the Sp-cAMPs. We have previously shown that glutamate attenuates voltage-dependent changes in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. Coupled with the present findings, this suggests that in these neurons mGluRs serve to limit fluctuations in intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>rather than increase [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. This system may play a role in protecting highly active neurons from calcium toxicity resulting in apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.4.1587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T05:15:19Z","timestamp":1514178919000},"page":"1587-1596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Glutamate Regulates IP<sub>3<\/sub>-Type and CICR Stores in the Avian Cochlear Nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1152","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"B. 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